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Rectal prolapse, 1356 , 1356 f
Rectal thermometry, 194
Red-brown lesions, 445
Red cell aplasia, 419
Red cell distribution width (RDW), 423
Red eye, 171 f–172 f
common causes of, 171 t
evaluation and decision, 170 –174
diagnostic, 172 f
life-threatening causes of, 171 t
pathophysiology, 170
systemic conditions associated with, 171 t
Referred ear pain, 393
Reflex neurovascular dystrophy (RND), 1378
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), 1378 . See also Complex regional
pain syndrome type 1 (CRPS1)
Refractory shock, 72
Regional nerve blocks, 1129
Reiter syndrome, 383 t
Remifentanil, 39
Renal and electrolyte emergencies
acid–base homeostasis, disorders of
goals of treatment, 976
metabolic acidosis, 976 –978 , 977 t
metabolic alkalosis, 978 , 978 t
acute kidney injury, 978 –980
intrinsic causes, 980 –985
calcium homeostasis, disorders of
goals of treatment, 974
hypercalcemia, 975 –976
hypocalcemia, 974 –975 , 975 t