Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 4213 4213
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (70.79 KB, 1 trang )
be a means of seeking attention, avoiding nonpreferred activities, mediating
pain, expressing frustration, or displaying anxiety. Addressing what
motivates these behaviors allows for appropriate targeted interventions.
The AACAP Autism Spectrum Disorders Resource Center can be
accessed
at
/>Resource_Center/Home.aspx .
Management
Early intervention with behavioral therapies can improve communication,
learning, and social skills. Although there are no effective medical
treatments for the core deficits of ASD, medications may ameliorate some of
the symptoms of comorbid conditions and complement standard behavioral
and educational interventions. Pharmacotherapy most successfully
temporizes concerns related to inattention, hyperactivity, aggression,
repetitive activity, anxiety, depression, disordered sleep, and seizures. The
most widely studied medications with greatest effect are methylphenidate for
inattention and hyperactivity and risperidone and aripiprazole for aggression
and challenging behaviors.
Challenges in Healthcare Environment
People with ASD have different ways of learning, paying attention, or
reacting to new or unexpected sensations or settings. These variances may
interfere with the ability of an individual with ASD to understand what is
happening during a hospital visit and effectively communicate with medical
staff. As well, a disrupted routine and overwhelming noxious hospital-based
experiences may stress the ability to self-regulate and cooperate with
physical examinations and procedures. Many patients with ASD require no
additional supports during medical encounters other than provider awareness
of how and why they interact and communicate differently. Importantly
though, a small population of individuals with ASD will benefit from simple
proactive environmental adaptations (e.g., allowing noise cancelling
headphones, minimizing the number of staff, or wearing sunglasses if the
lights are too bright), and communication strategies (e.g., giving time to
adjust to new commands, breaking down instructions into small parts, or
offering a small reward for a specific task) to support compliance. Finally, a
minority of children with ASD will demonstrate escalating behaviors that
