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Many pediatric cervical spine injuries can be managed nonoperatively using
immobilization techniques such as a hard collar or a halo ( Fig. 112.21 ).
However, in conjunction with orthopedic and neurosurgical spine consultation,
indications for operative intervention include an unstable or irreducible injury,
progressive neurologic deficit(s), and progressive deformity. There are no
evidence-based criteria for discharge in the presence of a cervical spine injury.
Clinical judgment and specialty consultation are recommended.