Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 4201 4201
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TABLE 126.26
EXOGENOUS SUBSTANCES THAT CAUSE PSYCHOSIS
FOLLOWING INGESTION OF SIGNIFICANT QUANTITY
Alcohol
Barbiturates
Antipsychotics (e.g., phenothiazines)
Amphetamines
Hallucinogens—lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) peyote, mescaline
Marijuana
Nicotine/vaping
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Quaalude
Anticholinergic compounds
Heavy metals
Cocaine and crack
Corticosteroids
Reserpine
Opiates (e.g., heroin, methadone)
Other Psychiatric Causes. Schizophrenia and brief psychotic episodes are
relatively rare in pediatric patients; underlying mood, anxiety, or trauma
disorders are the most common causes of psychosis in children. Patients with
depression or mania with psychotic features typically have severe mood
symptoms and impairment of functioning. When present, psychotic
symptoms tend to occur when mood symptoms are at their most severe and
are “mood congruent.” Patients suffering from anxiety disorders typically
have delusions or hallucinations related to their specific fears. Patients with
PTSD may also report hallucinatory experiences such as seeing scary people
in the corner of the room or hearing their abuser call out to them. Typically,
these cases can be distinguished from primary psychotic disorders as the
