Andersons pediatric cardiology 2331
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Asthma,exercise-induced,exercisetestingin,401–402
Atenolol,forhypertension,1140t
Atherosclerosis
cardiovascularriskfactorsand,423,424f
dyslipidemiaas,428–431,429t–430t
invasiveandnoninvasiveassessmentsof,436–437
premature,arterialdysfunctionand,1374
Atheroscleroticcardiovasculardisease,riskfactors,screeningfor,1540–1542
dyslipidemia,1541
futureconsiderationsfor,1542
recommendedscreeningfor,1541–1542
selectivescreeningversusuniversalscreeningfor,1541
Atresia
mitralvalve,indiagnosticcatheterization,250
pulmonary,indiagnosticcatheterization,247,247f
pulmonary,withintactventricularseptum,803–818,804f
angiographyin,811–812,812f
cardiaccatheterizationin,811–812,812t
chestradiographyin,809–810,809f
diagnosisof,808
postnatal,808
prenatal,808
echocardiographyin,810–811,810f–811f
electrocardiographyin,809,809f
embryologyof,803
etiologyof,803
geneticsof,803
hemodynamicsand,813
imagingmodalities,813
incidenceof,803
investigationsfor,809–813
morphogenesisof,803
morphologyof,803–808,804f,804t
withdilatedrightventricularcavity,807,808f
hypoplasticventricularcavities,804–806,805f–807f
segmentalcombinations,808
physicalfindingsin,808–809
physiologyof,813
therapeuticoptionsfor,813–816
contemporaryapproaches,813–814
fetalintervention,813
historicalperspective,813
postnatalintervention,813–814,814t
tricuspidvalve,indiagnosticcatheterization,246
Atrialappendages
arrangementof,5f,6–7,8f
determinationof,295–296
isomerismof,8–9,8f,441–456
anatomy,442–449
atrial,442–443,442f–444f
ofatrialseptum,447
ofatrioventricularjunctions,447–449,448f
cardiacpositionand,449
ofconductiontissues,449
thoracoabdominalorganarrangementand,451–452,451f
ofvenoatrialconnections,443–447,445f–448f
visceralsymmetrywithoutisomericatrialappendages,452
cardiacabnormalities,functional,449–450
arrhythmias,449–450
myocardialfibrosisandmyocardialinfarction,450
ciliarydysfunctionof,454–455,455f
clinicalconsiderationsof,456
conjoinedtwinningand,455
definitionsrelatedto,441
extracardiacanomaliesassociatedwith,452–454
centralnervoussystem,452
gastrointestinalsystem,453
genitourinarysystem,454
pulmonarysystem,452
genetics,456
imagingconsiderationsof,454
morphogenesis,455–456
surgicalconsiderationsof,450–452
survival,441–442
juxtapositionof,918–919,918f–920f
Atrialarrangement,6,8f
appendagesand,5f,6–7
recognitionof,6–9
Atrialarrhythmias
interatrialcommunicationand,514
medicalmanagementof,1033
Atrialchambers,patternsof,9–12
Atrialectopictachycardia(AET),137,347–348
Atrialfibrillation(AF),356–357
inchronicrheumaticheartdisease,1032
inFontancirculation,1328
Atrialflutter,137
innewborn,347,348f
Atrialnatriureticpeptide,1358
Atrialreceptors,1359
Atrialredirectionprocedures,686
outcomeswith,692–695,692f
Atrialroof,infolded,86,86f
Atrialseptaldefects,318t
closuredevices,infectiveendocarditisof,1058
interventionaltechniquesfor,263–264,263f–265f
spontaneousclosureof,interatrialcommunicationand,514
Atrialseptalfenestration,600–601
Atrialseptation
inearlymyocardialdevelopment,60–61
embryologyof,38–40,38f–39f
Atrialseptostomy,fortranspositionofthegreatarteries,685–686,685f–686f
Atrialseptum
anatomyof,21f,27–28
indiagnosticcatheterization,245–246
intact,interventionaltechniquesfor,266–268,267f
inisomericatrialappendages,447
normal,503,504f–505f
primary,embryologyof,38,38f–39f
three-dimensionalechocardiographyof,314t
Atrialtachyarrhythmias
antiarrhythmicfetaltreatmentfor,137–141
