Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 3115 3115
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TABLE 102.15
CLASSIFICATION OF HYDROCARBONS
Nontoxic (unless complicated by gross aspiration)
Asphalt, tars
Mineral oil
Liquid petrolatum
Motor oil, axle grease
Baby oils, suntan oils
Systemic toxicity
Halogenated (carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethane)
Aromatic (benzene, toluene, xylene)
Additives (camphor, organophosphates, heavy metals)
Aspiration hazard (without significant systemic toxicity unless ingested in
massive quantity)
Lamp oil/torch oil
Turpentine
Gasoline
Kerosene
Mineral seal oil (furniture polish)
Charcoal lighter fluid
Cigarette lighter fluid
Mineral spirits
Clinical Considerations. Clinical manifestations of hydrocarbon ingestion depend
largely on the specific profile of toxicity of the ingested substances. Significant
GI irritation may cause nausea and bloody emesis. CNS effects may range from
inebriation to coma. Hemolysis with hemoglobinuria has been reported after
significant ingestions. Finally, hydrocarbon ingestion may cause fever and
leukocytosis in up to 15% of patients in the absence of clinically evident
pneumonitis.
Because most hydrocarbons cause clinical toxicity only when aspirated, the
mainstay of treatment is to leave ingested compounds in the gut (when possible)
and to prevent emesis or reflux. Gastric emptying should only be considered for
