Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 2306 2306
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Measles
In a malaria-endemic
region, low-grade
parasitemia may not
explain all a child’s
symptoms
Serology for IgM antibody
Mumps
Clinical diagnosis
PCR and serology testing
Neurocysticercosis CSF serology, characteristic
neuroimaging: hypodense
cysts with well-defined
edges; can see edema as
parasites die
Ancillary: CSF eosinophilia
Polio
Culture of throat or stool
(obtain two or more for
enterovirus isolation
obtained at least 24 hrs
apart)
Rabies
Serology
Ancillary tests of minimal
value, except to exclude
other causes of
meningoencephalitis
Salmonella typhi Stool culture for
gastroenteritis
Bone marrow culture or
blood culture for those
with enteric fever
Salmonella,
nontyphi
Schistosomiasis
Shigella
Strongyloides
Tuberculosis
Serology for IgM
antibody
Supportive treatment
Vitamin A once daily for 2 days associat
morbidity and mortality (WHO recom
PCR and serology
testing
Supportive treatment
Serology in CSF
(serum serology
cross-reacts with
Echinococcus )
Utility of treatment if cysts is controvers
associated with acute inflammation
Use of albendazole or praziquantel with
Culture of throat or
stool
Supportive
Serology
Supportive care, but prognosis dismal on
Visualization of Negri
bodies on cerebellar
or nape of neck
biopsies
Stool culture
Supportive if asymptomatic or uncompli
gastroenteritis
Ampicillin, amoxicillin, or trimethoprim
susceptible strains
For invasive disease, empiric treatment w
spectrum cephalosporin, azithromycin
Conventional stool culture Stool culture
Ceftriaxone or azithromycin if need trea
mo old, immunocompromised host (in
hemoglobinopathies)
Identification of eggs in
Identification of eggs Praziquantel (most effective against adul
stool (S. mansoni or
immature stages, so retreatment after
Serology does not
japonicum ) or urine (S.
differentiate acute
hematobium )
and chronic
Eosinophilia
infection
Conventional stool culture Stool culture
Fluid resuscitation
Ancillary: leukocytosis with
Azithromycin or Ceftriaxone daily for 3
bandemia is common
Stool to detect larvae (often Visualization of larvae Ivermectin is treatment of choice by WH
need to obtain multiple
in stool
Also used: mebendazole
stool samples)
Watch for anaphylaxis during treatment
patients
Respiratory specimen
(expectorated sputum,
induced sputum, or
Most children will
have negative
cultures, and
Multidrug therapy (isoniazid, rifampin, p
ethambutol) administered via directly
