Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 2408 2408
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need for drainage of
abscesses
Dermatitis
Diarrhea
Hematologic
Neurologic
Seborrheic dermatitis, scabies,
molluscum contagiosum,
varicella (can be severe in
terms of number of lesions
or hemorrhagic component),
measles (may have severe
pneumonitis and/or occur
without the characteristic
rash), syphilis, purpura or
petechiae secondary to
overwhelming sepsis,
Kaposi sarcoma,
medication-associated
rashes ( e-Table 94.28 )
See e-Table 94.26
While viral infections remain
the most common cause,
Salmonella is the most
common bacterial etiology
and often is associated with
bacteremia
Drug effects, concomitant
infections (mycobacterial,
CMV, parvovirus B19,
fungal infection), HIV
infection, nutritional
deficits, malignancy
AIDS encephalopathy
(indolent loss of milestones,
acquired microcephaly
progressing to paresis and
extrapyramidal signs);
progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy
(caused by a polyoma
Often a clinical diagnosis;
varicella can be confirmed
using direct fluorescent
antibody assays; measles
via serology; syphilis
diagnosis is described in eTable 94.26
Guaiac, stool leukocytes (stool
lactoferrin), stool culture
(for Salmonella, Shigella,
Yersinia, Campylobacter, E.
coli ), C. difficile toxin,
Cryptosporidium/Giardia
assay
CBC, reticulocyte count,
peripheral smear, iron panel
CT brain to evaluate for mass
lesions prior to lumbar
puncture; CSF for routine
studies in addition to acidfast and fungal
culture/stains, serum and
CSF cryptococcal antigen
