1,4,5-trisphosphateproductiondependingonthe
extracellularCa2+concentrationinneonatalrat
cardiomyocytes.AnesthAnalg.1999;89:1417–
1422.
36.SchechterWS,KimC,MartinezM,etal.
Anaestheticinductioninachildwithend-stage
cardiomyopathy.CanJAnaesth.1995;42:404–
408.
37.MillerJW,DivanovicAA,HossainMM,etal.
Dosingandefficacyofintranasal
dexmedetomidinesedationforpediatric
transthoracicechocardiography:aretrospective
study.CanJAnaesth.2016;63(7):834–841.
38.SchwartzLI,TwiteM,GulackB,etal.The
perioperativeuseofdexmedetomidinein
pediatricpatientswithcongenitalheartdisease:
ananalysisfromthecongenitalcardiac
anesthesiasociety–societyofthoracicsurgeons
congenitalheartdiseasedatabase.AnesthAnalg.
2016;123:715–721.
39.PanW,WangY,LinL,etal.Outcomesof
dexmedetomidinetreatmentinpediatricpatients
undergoingcongenitalheartdiseasesurgery:a
meta-analysis.PaediatrAnaesth.2016;26:239–
248.
40.MasonKP,LermanJ.Reviewarticle:
dexmedetomidineinchildren:current
knowledgeandfutureapplications.Anesth
Analg.2011;113:1129–1142.
41.SuF,GastonguayMR,NicolsonSC,etal.
Dexmedetomidinepharmacologyinneonates
andinfantsafteropenheartsurgery.Anesth
Analg.2016;122:1556–1566.
42.Aouad-MarounM,RaphaelCK,SayyidSK,etal.
Ultrasound-guidedarterialcannulationfor
paediatrics(Review).CochraneDatabaseSyst
Rev.2016;(9)[ArtNoCOD11364].
43.EganG,HealyD,O'NeillH,etal.Ultrasound
guidancefordifficultperipheralvenousaccess:
systematicreviewandmeta-analysis.Emerg
MedJ.2013;30:521–526.
44.StolzLA,StolzU,HoweC,etal.Ultrasoundguidedperipheralvenousaccess:ameta-analysis
andsystematicreview.JVascAccess.
2015;16:321–326.
45.KeyesLE,FrazeeBW,SnoeyER,etal.
Ultrasound-guidedbrachialandbasilicvein
cannulationinemergencydepartmentpatients
withdifficultintravenousaccess.AnnEmerg
Med.1999;34:711–714.
46.MooreCL.Ultrasoundfirst,secondandlastfor
vascularaccess.JUltrasoundMed.
2014;33:1135–1142.
47.ConstantinoTG,ParikhAK,SatzWA,etal.
Ultrasonography-guidedperipheralintravenous
accessversustraditionalapproachesinpatients
withdifficultintravenousaccess.AnnEmerg
Med.2005;46:456–461.
48.AuAK,RotteMJ,GrzybowskiRJ,etal.
Decreaseincentralvenouscatheterplacement
duetouseofultrasoundguidanceforperipheral
intravenouscatheters.AmJEmergMed.
2012;30:1950–1954.
49.GreggSC,MurthiSB,SisleyAC,etal.
Ultrasound-guidedperipheralintravenousaccess
intheintensivecareunit.JCritCare.
2010;25:514–519.
50.LampertiM,BodenhamAR,PittirutiM,etal.
Internationalevidence-basedrecommendations
onultrasound-guidedvascularaccess.Intensive
CareMed.2012;38:1105–1117.
51.LawrenceEJ,NguyenK,MorrisSA,etal.
Economicandsafetyimplicationsofintroducing
fasttrackingincongenitalheartsurgery.Circ
CardiovascQualOutcomes.2013;6:201–207.
52.HowardF,BrownKL,GarsideV,etal.Fast-track
paediatriccardiacsurgery:thefeasibilityand
benefitsofaprotocolforuncomplicatedcases.
EurJCardiothoracSurg.2010;37:193–196.
53.HarrisKC,HolowachukS,PitfieldS,etal.
Shouldearlyextubationbethegoalforchildren