Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 1038 1038
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(among young infants) and constipation. Other gastrointestinal (GI) conditions
that may present with abdominal pain include inflammatory bowel disease (more
often Crohn disease than ulcerative colitis), cholecystitis (more common among
children with predisposing conditions such as hemolytic anemia or cystic fibrosis
or among older adolescents), pancreatitis, dietary protein allergy (typically in
infants), malabsorption, and intra-abdominal abscesses (most commonly observed
in children with perforated appendicitis).
Incarcerated inguinal hernia is an extra-abdominal cause of abdominal pain that
can be life-threatening. A careful genitourinary examination should be performed
in all children with abdominal pain. Myocarditis and pericarditis are rare extraabdominal causes of abdominal pain. Systemic life-threatening conditions that
can be associated with abdominal pain include diabetic ketoacidosis and
hemolytic uremic syndrome. Other extra-abdominal conditions in which
abdominal pain is often present include the following: Henoch–Schönlein purpura
(usually with a distinctive purpuric rash over the lower extremities and buttock),
vaso-occlusive crisis with sickle cell syndromes, testicular torsion, urolithiasis
(typically with colicky pain and flank tenderness), and toxic ingestions (such as
lead or iron).
