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FIGURE 56.2 Evaluation scheme for the child with dysphagia or odynophagia. Radiographic
and assessment options: neck, chest, abdomen, inspiratory/expiratory films, lateral decubitus
films, fluoroscopy (including videofluoroscopy), contrast studies, ultrasonography,
echocardiography, angiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging,
esophageal manometry, laryngopharyngeal sensory testing, electromyography, endoscopy.
Laboratory options: complete blood cell count, blood gas, cultures, toxin identifications,
nutritional and electrolyte profile. Consultant options: pediatrics, general surgery,
otolaryngology, gastroenterology, neurology, infectious disease, cardiology, pulmonology,
rheumatology, oncology, nutrition, speech therapy, speech-language pathologist, occupational
therapy. ABCs, airway, breathing, circulation.