Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 1699 1699
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Structural
congenital heart
defect
Definition
Left coronary
Anomalous Left main Coronary Artery arises from the
artery anomalies
Pulmonary Artery rather than the aortic root (ALCAPA)
Desaturated blood with low coronary perfusion pressure
compromises blood flow as PVR drops in the newborn
This and other variations of the coronaries may present as
sudden death or CHF
Aortic regurgitation Diastolic regurgitation of blood from the aorta back into
(AR)
the left ventricle
Aortic stenosis
Three types: subvalvar, valvar, and supravalvar
(AS)
Subtotal narrowing/obstruction of the left ventricular
outflow at or near the aortic valve
Aortopulmonary
Defect between the aorta and pulmonary artery
window
Pulmonary overcirculation and left-sided volume overload
Atrial septal defect A communication between the right and left atria
(ASD)
Usually asymptomatic
Causes right-sided volume overload
Atrioventricular
Incomplete fusion of the embryonic endocardial cushions
septal defect
resulting in defects of the lower atrial septum (primum
(AVSD)
ASD), inlet ventricular septum, and atrioventricular
valves, in isolation or combination
Bicuspid aortic
Aortic valve composed of two cusps, or three cusps with
valve (BAV)
two commissures yielding two effective cusps
Congenital mitral Mitral valve leaflets are thickened and/or fused, producing
stenosis
a narrowed opening from the left atrium to the left
ventricle, may be associated with an abnormal papillary
muscle (parachute MV)
Coarctation of the A discrete narrowing of the distal segment of the aortic
Aorta (CoA)
arch, typically just distal to the left subclavian artery at
the point of ductal insertion
Cor triatriatum
The pulmonary veins join in a confluence that is not
completely incorporated into the left atrium
Double-outlet right The majority of the semilunar valve orifices of both great
