Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 1402 1402
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Artificial airway for
obstructed airway
Supplemental oxygen for
damaged alveoli
Control intracranial
pressure by
hyperventilation
Provide tracheopulmonary
toilet
Provide positive endexpiratory pressure to
increase lung volume
Needle
Emergent artificial airway
cricothyroidotomy
required to sustain life,
upper airway obstruction
cannot otherwise be
relieved, tracheostomy
cannot be immediately
performed
Tracheostomy
Emergent artificial airway
required to sustain life,
upper airway obstruction
cannot be relieved by
endotracheal intubation
Thoracentesis
Evacuation pneumothorax,
tension pneumothorax,
hemothorax, drainage
pleural effusion,
empyema
Thoracostomy
Evacuate, prevent
reaccumulation
pneumothorax, tension
pneumothorax,
hemothorax, effusion,
empyema
Pericardiocentesis
Relieve tamponade:
effusion,
Temporizing measure,
tracheostomy to follow
immediately
Should be performed in
operating room by
experienced physician
Pigtail or chest tube
placement to follow
immediately or
performed instead
Thoracentesis first if
pigtail/chest tube cannot
be placed immediately in
life-threatening situation
Improve cardiac output
