Andersons pediatric cardiology 1296
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AnnotatedReferences
LocyWA.Thefifthandsixthaorticarchesinbirds
andmammals.ProceedingsoftheSeventh
InternationalZoologicalCongress,Boston,1924August,1907.TheUniversityPress.:
Cambridge,USA;1907:242–249.
Areviewpublishedattheturnofthe20thcentury
thatsummarizedtheknowledgethenexisting
regardingthepresenceoftheallegedfifth
pharyngealarchesandtheircontainedarteries
inbirdsandmammals..
CongdonED.Transformationoftheaorticarch
systemduringthedevelopmentofthehuman
embryo.ContribEmbryol.1922;68:49–110.
Arigorousinvestigationofthechangesthattake
placeduringremodelingofthepharyngeal
archesandtheircontainedarteriesduring
humandevelopment.Congdonconcludedthat
furtherstudieswererequiredbeforeitcouldbe
presumedthatfiftharcharterieswerepartand
parcelofnormaldevelopment..
VanPraaghR,VanPraaghS.Persistentfifth
arterialarchinman.Congenitaldouble-lumen
aorticarch.AmJCardiol.1969;24:279–282.
Thefirststudyofwhichweareawareinwhichit
wassuggestedthatpersistenceofthealleged
arteriesofthefifthpharyngealarchcould
explainhumancongenitalcardiac
malformations,inthiscasedouble-barreled
aorticarch..
GerlisLM,HoSY,AndersonRH,DaCostaP.
Persistent5thaorticarch—agreatpretender:
threenewcovertcases.IntJCardiol.
1989;23:239–247.
Astudyinwhichoneofuswasinvolvedthat
enthusiasticallyendorsedthenotionthat
persistenceoftheenigmaticarteriesofthefifth
archcouldexplainseveralcongenitalcardiac
malformations.Atthattime,however,wedidnot
haveathandtherecentfindingsregarding
normalcardiacdevelopmentasexplainedinthis
chapter..
BamforthSD,ChaudhryB,BennettM,WilsonR,
MohunTJ,VanMieropLHS,HendersonDJ,
AndersonRH.Clarificationoftheidentityofthe
mammalianfifthpharyngealarchartery.Clin
Anat.2013;26:173–182.
Thestudythat,forus,clarifiedthedevelopmentof
thepharyngealarchesandtheircontained
arteries.Wedescribedtheonlycaseofwhichwe
areawarethatcouldbeinterpretedas
representingafiftharchartery.Atthesametime
wepointedtothefrequencywithwhich
collateralchannelswerefoundatthe
terminationofthefourthandsixtharcharteries,
channelsthatotherinvestigatorshad
erroneouslyinterpretedasrepresenting
persistentfiftharcharteries..
GuptaSK,BamforthSD,AndersonRH.How
frequentisthefiftharchartery?CardiolYoung.
2015;25:628–646.
GuptaSK,GulatiGS,AndersonRH.Clarifyingthe
anatomyofthefiftharchartery.AnnPediatr
Cardiol.2016;9:62–67.
Thetwoextensivereviewsinwhichwehave
summarizedourowninterpretationsofthecases
previouslyreportedwithintheworldliterature
arerepresentingpersistenceofthearteriesofthe
fifthpharyngealarches.Thesereportsformthe
basisofourcurrentchapter.Asweshow,there
arefarmoreplausibleexplanationsforthe
majorityofcasesinterpretedonthebasisof
persistenceofthefiftharcharteries..
