Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 90
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Necrotizing enterocolitis
Intraperitoneal blood (trauma, ruptured ectopic pregnancy, aneurysm)
Electrolyte abnormalities
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Poisoning/medications (e.g., anticholinergic, opiate, loperamide, botulism)
Trauma
Shock
Severe pain secondary to
Biliary colic
Renal colic
Malabsorption
Congenital causes
Bacterial overgrowth
Parasites
Formula enteropathy
Lactose intolerance
Celiac disease
Obstipation
Functional
Hirschsprung disease
Hypothyroidism
Free peritoneal air
Intestinal perforation
Pneumomediastinum
Extraluminal fluid
Hypoproteinemia
Malnutrition
Nephrotic syndrome
Renal failure
Cirrhosis
Protein-losing enteropathy
Congenital syphilis and TORCH infections
Blood
Hepatic laceration
Splenic laceration
Peritoneal inflammation
Bile peritonitis
Peritonitis
Leukemia
Tuberculosis
Pancreatitis
Cirrhosis
Biliary atresia
Chronic active hepatitis
Wilson disease
α1 -Antitrypsin disease
Tyrosinemia
Galactosemia (late)
Portal hypertension
Chylous ascites
Congestive heart failure/pericarditis
Budd–Chiari syndrome
Hepatomegaly
Congestive heart failure/constrictive pericarditis (chronic)
Budd–Chiari syndrome
Biliary atresia
Inflammation
Abscess
AIDS
Hepatitis
Tyrosinemia
Galactosemia
Wilson disease
Congenital syphilis and TORCH infections
Neoplastic disease
Hodgkin disease
Neuroblastoma
Leukemia
Lymphoma (non-Hodgkin’s)
Hepatoblastoma
Storage disease
Hemolytic anemia
Sickle cell
β-Thalassemia
Malaria
Hepatic laceration (subcapsular hematoma)
Splenomegaly
Portal hypertension
Neoplastic disease
Hodgkin disease
Leukemia
Lymphoma (non-Hodgkin’s)
Hemolytic anemia
Sickle cell
Spherocytosis
β-Thalassemia
Malaria
Inflammation
AIDS
Storage diseases
Hemorrhage
Trauma (subcapsular hematoma)
Sequestration (sickle cell)
Mass
Cysts
Choledochal cyst
Ovarian cyst
Mesenteric cyst
Peritoneal cyst
Omental cyst
Polycystic kidneys
Obstructive uropathy
Uterine enlargement
Pregnancy
Hematocolpos
Neoplastic disease
Wilms tumor
Ovarian tumor
Teratoma
Inflammatory masses
Regional enteritis
