Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 0577 0577
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TABLE 27.1
COMMON CAUSES OF RED EYE a
Conjunctivitis
Infectious: viral (including herpes), bacterial, chlamydial
Allergic or seasonal
Chemical (or other physical agents such as smoke)
Systemic disease (Table 27.3 )
Trauma
Corneal or conjunctival abrasion
Iritis
Foreign body
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Dry eye syndromes
Abnormalities of the lids and/or lashes
Blepharitis
Trichiasis due to epiblepharon
Stye or chalazion (external or internal hordeolum)
Molluscum of lid margin
Periorbital or orbital cellulitis
Contact lens–related problems
Infectious keratitis (corneal ulcer)
Allergic conjunctivitis
Corneal abrasion
Poor fit
Overwear
a Not
listed in order of frequency. List not complete.
Direct ocular trauma may result in a red eye due to corneal or conjunctival
abrasion, hyphema, iritis, or rarely, traumatic glaucoma (see Chapter 114 Ocular
Trauma ). If there is no fluorescein staining of the conjunctiva or cornea and there
is no evidence of severe intraocular injury such as hyphema or ruptured globe, the
examiner should consider the possibility of noxious material coming in contact
with the eyeball at the time of trauma. Both acidic and alkaline substances may
cause a red eye (see Chapter 123 Ophthalmic Emergencies ). Likewise, a foreign
body may cause ocular pain and inflammation. Foreign bodies often can be
difficult to see on brief, superficial examination, especially if the foreign body is
smaller than what the naked eye can see. All the recesses and redundant folds of
