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In all types of dehydration and their methods of treatment, the patient must be
monitored closely. Physical examination and vital signs should be reassessed
continually, urine output monitored closely, ongoing losses quantified and
replaced, and therapy individualized. Patients should be considered for admission
if they are severely dehydrated, unable to adequately keep up with the ongoing
losses, if they are persistently hypoglycemic, appropriate care cannot be provided
as an outpatient, or if the etiology of the dehydration is unclear and further
workup is required.
Suggested Readings and Key References
Allen CH, Etzwiller LS, Miller MK, et al. Subcutaneous hydration in children
using recombinant human hyaluronidase: safety and ease of use. Ann Emerg
Med 2008;52(4 suppl):S75–S76.
American Academy of Pediatrics subcommittee on fluids and electrolyte therapy.
Clinical practice guideline: maintenance intravenous fluids in children.
Pediatrics 2018;142(6):e20183083.
Epifanio M, Portela JL, Piva JP, et al. Bromopride, metoclopramide, or
ondansetron for the treatment of vomiting in the pediatric emergency
department: a randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr (Rio J) . 2018;94:62–68.
Falszewska A, Szajewska H, Dziechciarz P. Diagnostic accuracy of three clinical
dehydration scales: a systematic review. Arch Dis Child 2018;103(4):383–388.
Freedman SB, Adler M, Seshadri R, et al. Oral ondansetron for gastroenteritis in
a pediatric emergency department. N Engl J Med 2006;354(16):1698–1705.
Freedman SB, Willan AR, Boutis K, et al. Effect of dilute apple juice and
preferred fluids vs electrolyte maintenance solution on treatment failure among
children with mild gastroenteritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA
2016;315(18):1966–1974.
Gray JM, Maewal JD, Lunos SA, et al. Ondansetron prescription for home use in
a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care . 2017 Nov 14.
Hartling L, Bellemare S, Wiebe N, et al. Oral versus intravenous rehydration for
treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children. Cochrane Database Syst
Rev 2006;3:CD004390.


Hew-Butler TD, Eskin C, Bickham J, et al. Dehydration is how you define it:
comparison of 318 blood and urine athlete spot checks. BMJ Open Sport Exerc
Med 2018;4:e000297.
King CK, Glass R, Bresee JS, et al. Managing acute gastroenteritis among
children: oral rehydration, maintenance, and nutritional therapy. MMWR
2003;52(RR-16):1–16.



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