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prior to the emergency department evaluation. Cervical spine injuries must be
excluded, which if clinically indicated, may include imaging.
FIGURE 43.5 Burner/stinger syndrome. As in a football tackle, the shoulder is depressed while
the head and neck are pushed away from the affected shoulder, resulting in a stinger. This same
mechanism, combined with extension of the neck, may result in compression of the nerves on
the contralateral shoulder, also resulting in a burner or stinger. (Reprinted with permission from
Miniaci A. Disorders of the Shoulder: Sports Injuries . Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams &
Wilkins; 2013.)
EVALUATION AND DECISION
Initially, the patient’s neurovascular status is assessed and fracture stabilization
provided, if necessary (see Fig. 43.6 ).
For an isolated shoulder injury, ask the patient to localize the pain as
specifically as possible. Determine both the mechanism and the shoulder position
during injury. If the pain is chronic, determine the position or motion that most