Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 709
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (138.6 KB, 4 trang )
Brown CM, Redd SC, Damon SA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC). Acute idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage among infants:
recommendations from the Working Group for Investigation and Surveillance.
MMWR Recomm Rep 2004;53:1–12.
Godfrey S. Pulmonary hemorrhage/hemoptysis in children. Pediatr Pulmonol
2004;37:476–484.
Susarla SC, Fan LL. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndromes in children. Curr
Opin Pediatr 2007;19:314–320.
Pulmonary Embolism
Beesan A, Agha S, Sturm JJ, et al. Pulmonary embolism in the pediatric
emergency department. Pediatrics 2013;132(4):663–667.
Biss TT, Brandão LR, Kahr WH, et al. Clinical probability score and D-dimer
estimation lack utility in the diagnosis of childhood pulmonary embolism. J
Thromb Haemost 2009;7(10):1633–1638.
Carpenter SL, Richardson T, Hall M. Increasing rate of pulmonary embolism
diagnosed in hospitalized children in the United States from 2001 to 2014.
Blood Adv 2018;2(12):1403–1408.
Hennelly KE, Baskin MN, Monuteuax MC, et al. Detection of pulmonary
embolism in high-risk children. J Pediatr 2016;178:214–218.e3.
Pelland-Marcotte M-C, Tucker C, Klaassen A, et al. Outcomes and risk factors of
massive and submassive pulmonary embolism in children: a retrospective
cohort study. Lancet Haematol . 2019;6(3):e144–e153.
Raffini L, Huang YS, Witmer C, et al. Dramatic increase in venous
thromboembolism in children’s hospitals in the United States from 2001 to
2007. Pediatrics 2009;124(4):1001–1008.
Sharaf N, Sharaf VB, Mace SE, et al. Ddimer in adolescent pulmonary embolism.
Acad Emerg Med 2018;25:1235–1241.
Tapson VF. Acute pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2008;358(10):1037–1052.
Victoria T, Mong A, Altes T, et al. Evaluation of pulmonary embolism in a
pediatric population with high clinical suspicion. Pediatr Radiol
2009;39(1):35–41.
Wolf SJ, McCubbin TR, Feldhaus KM, et al. Prospective validation of wells
criteria in the evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism. Ann
Emerg Med 2004;44(5):503–510.
Pulmonary Edema
O’Brodovich H. Pulmonary edema. In: Chernick V, Boat TF, Wilmott RW, et al.,
eds. Kendig’s Disorders of the Respiratory Tract in Children. 7th ed.
Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2006:622–638.
Pleuritis/Pleural Effusion
Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, et al. The management of communityacquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical
practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the
Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2011;53(7):e25–e76.
Kurt BA, Winterhalter KM, Connors RH, et al. Therapy of parapneumonic
effusions in children: video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery versus conventional
thoracostomy drainage. Pediatrics 2006;118(3):e547–e553.
Light RW. Pleural effusion. N Engl J Med 2002;346(25):1971–1977.
McGrath EE, Anderson PB. Diagnosis of pleural effusion: a systematic approach.
Am J Crit Care 2011;20(2):119–128.
Wong CL, Holroyd-Leduc J, Straus SE. Does this patient have a pleural effusion?
JAMA 2009;301(3):309–317.
Sarcoidosis
Fauroux B, Clement A. Paediatric sarcoidosis. Paediatr Respir Rev 2005;6:128–
133.
Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS. Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med
2007;357:2153–2165.
Milman N, Hoffman AL. Childhood sarcoidosis: long-term follow-up. Eur Respir
J 2008;31(3):592–598.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Iannuzzi MC, Rybicki BA, Teirstein AS. Sarcoidosis. N Engl J Med
2007;357:2153–2165.
Lumeng JC, Chervin RD. Epidemiology of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.
Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008;5:242–252.
Marcus CL, Brooks LJ, Draper KA, et al.; American Academy of Pediatrics.
Diagnosis and management of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
Pediatrics 2012;130(3):e714–e755.
Muzumdar H, Arens R. Diagnostic issues in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.
Proc Am Thorac Soc 2008;5(2):263–273.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea American Academy of Pediatrics, Section on Pediatric
Pulmonology, Subcommittee on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Clinical
practice guideline: diagnosis and management of childhood sleep apnea
syndrome. Pediatrics 2002;109:704–712.
Section on Pediatric Pulmonology, Subcommittee on Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Syndrome. American Academy of Pediatrics. Clinical practice guideline:
diagnosis and management of childhood sleep apnea syndrome. Pediatrics
2002;109:704–712.
Interstitial Lung Disease
Deutsch GH, Young LR, Deterding RR. Diffuse lung disease in young children:
application of a novel classification scheme. Am J Respir Crit Care Med
2007;176:1120–1128.
Fan LL, Detering RR, Langston C. Pediatric interstitial lung disease revisited.
Pediatr Pulmonol 2004;38:369–378.
Lee E. Interstitial lung disease in infants: new classification system, imaging
technique, clinical presentation and imaging findings. Pediatr Radiol
2013;43(1):3–13.
Nicholson AG, Bush A. Classification of diffuse lung disease in infants: the
reality of groups. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;176:1060–1061.
Vece TJ, Young LR. Update on diffuse lung disease in children. Chest
2016;149(3):836–845.
CHAPTER 100 ■ RENAL AND ELECTROLYTE
EMERGENCIES
RON L. KAPLAN, REBEKAH BURNS
GOALS OF EMERGENCY CARE
Fluid imbalances, electrolyte abnormalities, and renal insufficiency are
associated with a wide variety of conditions encountered in the pediatric
emergency department (ED). Severe derangements of electrolytes and renal
function can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition
and appropriate management is necessary to ensure adequate circulating
volume and prevent serious sequelae related to electrolyte and acid–base
disturbances. Overly rapid correction of some electrolyte abnormalities may
result in devastating consequences, so care must be taken in the
management of these conditions. Patients with renal insufficiency may
present with overall fluid overload but intravascular depletion, making fluid
resuscitation challenging.
KEY POINTS
