Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 0504 0504
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B. Pulmonary
1. Pulmonary edema
2. Primary pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
3. Pulmonary hypertension
4. Pulmonary embolism
5. Pulmonary hemorrhage
C. Peripheral
1. Moderate cold exposure
2. Shock: septic/cardiogenic
3. Acrocyanosis of the newborn
4. Complex regional pain syndrome
III. Neurologic
A. Drug or toxin-induced respiratory depression (e.g., morphine, barbiturates)
B. Central nervous system lesions (e.g., intracranial hemorrhage, contusion)
C. Seizure
D. Breath holding
E. Brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE)
F. Neuromuscular disease (e.g., Guillain–Barré, spinal muscular atrophy)
IV. Hematologic
A. Polycythemia
B. Methemoglobinemia
V. Dermatologic
A. Blue dye
B. Pigmentary lesions
C. Tattoos
D. Amiodarone therapy
TABLE 21.2
COMMON CAUSES OF CYANOSIS
I. Peripheral cyanosis
A. Acrocyanosis of the newborn
B. Moderate cold exposure
II. Central cyanosis
A. Respiratory dysfunction
B. Congenital heart disease
Circulatory or vascular conditions leading to diminished PaO2 are also
associated with cyanosis. One of the most common causes of cyanosis in children
