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Copenhagen
© 2009 Stig Albeck & Ventus Publishing ApS
Translation: Claus Jensen
All rights and copyright relating to the content of this
book are the property of Ventus Publishing ApS, and/or its
suppliers. Content from ths book, may not be reproduced
in any shape or form without prior written permission from
Ventus Publishing ApS.
Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,
in relation to reviews are allowed.
ISBN 978-87-7061-420-7
1st edition
Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according
to agreement with the following copyright owners:
Stig Albeck.
The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may
have be subject to change after this book was published.
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4

Kapiteloverskrift ONLIBRI
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5

A Visit to Copenhagen
A Visit to Copenhagen

Copenhagen is the City by the Sea, the capital of
Denmark, with many attractions and short distances
between them.

Copenhagen’s medieval profile with its many towers
is unforgettable, and a stroll or a boat trip through
the old part of the city is particularly impressive.

The famous Danish “cosiness” is a natural part of a
visit to Wonderful Copenhagen

Top 5 Attractions

1. Amalienborg Castle and the Marble Church
2. Tivoli
3. Frederiksborg Castle
4. The Little Mermaid
5. Church of Our Saviour

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6

Historical outline
Historical outline


Settlements have existed for more than 6,000 years
in the area that is now Copenhagen, but the city was
mentioned first time as Havn (Haven), an
insignificant village by the sea, in 1043 AD. When
commerce increased, not least between Roskilde and
Lund, the main city in the Danish part of Skaane.
Havn began to grow in size and importance.

In 1150, King Valdemar gave Havn to Bishop
Absalon. Absalon founded the new castle, and with
it Copenhagen - City of Merchants. The castle was
both a residence and a fortress whose primary
function was to defend Havn against pirates.

Copenhagen’s growing wealth turned the city into a
trade competitor in the Baltic area, and it was
attacked twice by the North German city of Lübeck
during the 13
th
century. On both occasions
Copenhagen was quickly rebuilt. In 1254, Bishop
Erlandsen gave Copenhagen official status as a
market town.

By 1334, Copenhagen’s population had risen to
5,000 and Gammeltorv (Old Market) had become
one of the country’s important meeting points. The
city was also attracting many Germans.


In 1397, Copenhagen became centre for the Nordic
countries under the Kalmar Union. Queen
Margrethe I married the King of Norway and
became ruler of Sweden as well. In 1417, King Erik
of Pommern won back Copenhagen from the
Church, and the city became a royal residence.

Copenhagen was situated centrally in the kingdom,
which consisted of Denmark, Sweden and Norway,
and the flourishing city soon became a military and
political centre. King Christian I was the first to be
crowned in the city, and he started the construction
of new buildings and institutions, such as The Castle
of Copenhagen and its University from 1479.

The Reformation reached Denmark in 1536, but
there had been internal strife in the years previous,
leading to imprisonment of the bishops and
proclamation of the Protestant faith by King
Christian III. Protestantism is still Denmark’s state
religion.

In 1596, Christian IV was crowned king and he
made a unique mark on Copenhagen. Many of the
city’s finest buildings were erected under his rule.
Among them are Rosenborg Castle, Rundetårn
(Round Tower), Børsen (The Exchange) Nyboder,
the city quarter of Christianshavn, and the beautiful
Fredensborg Castle.


Copenhagen continued growing, and in the
beginning of the 18th century the population had
reached 60,000, all living in the small medieval city
centre.

In 1711, the plague wiped out 1/3 of Copenhagen’s
population, and two major fires in 1728 and 1795
destroyed large parts of the city. This lead to the
construction of the large stone houses, which are
still standing in some places.

Copenhagen suffered further large-scale destruction
in 1801 and again in 1807, when the British Navy
sought to prevent the large Danish fleet from being
placed at the disposal of Napoleon. Three hundred
buildings and the city’s tallest church spire were
destroyed in the bombardment.

During the industrialization of the 19
th
century,
Copenhagen grew rapidly. The earthworks
encircling the city gave way to new residential areas,
great shipyards and other industries were founded,
and in 1847 the first railroad between Copenhagen
and Roskilde was built.

Cultural life flourished as well in this golden age.
Personalities such as Hans Christian Andersen,
Søren Kierkegaard and Bertel Thorvaldsen lived

and worked in Copenhagen.

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Historical outline
The king’s residence, Christiansborg, was damaged
by a fire, and the royal family moved to their present
residence at Amalienborg. Christiansborg was rebuilt
at the beginning of the 20
th
century and used as
parliament building.

Copenhagen suffered only light damage during
World War II, which is one of the reasons why it
quickly regained its position as a regional centre
among the Scandinavian countries. The city’s
development continued throughout the latter half of
the 20
th
century, during which the Danish Welfare
State came into existence.

In 2000, Copenhagen became connected via the
Øresund Bridge with the former Danish
possessions in the southern part of present-day

Sweden. Development of the Sound area as a
central part of the Baltic region is ongoing and
includes Ørestad, a brand new part of Copenhagen.

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8

Facts about Denmark
Facts about Denmark

Official Name
Kingdom of Denmark

Population
5.4 million

Area
43,094 km²

Largest Cities
Copenhagen 1.4 million, Aarhus 0.3 million, Odense
0.2 million, Aalborg 0.1 million

Capital
Copenhagen

Head of State
Queen Margrethe II


Religion
Christians 93 % (Protestants 91 %, Catholics and
others 2 %)

Language
Danish

Currency
Kroner/Crowns (DKK), DKK 1=100 Øre

Memorial Days and Holidays
1 January (New Year’s Day), Maundy Thursday*,
Good Friday*, Easter Day*, Easter Monday*,
General Prayer Day*, Ascension Day*, Whit
Sunday*, Whit Monday*, 5 June (Constitution Day),
15 June dag (Flag Day), 24 December (Christmas
Eve’s Day), 25 December (First Day of Christmas),
26 December (Second Day of Christmas), *Date
varies.

Emergency Numbers
112

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Copenhagen Trip 1

Copenhagen Trip 1

1. Den Hirshsprungske Samling/The
Hirschsprung Collection
(Stockholmsgade 20)
www.hirschsprung.dk
S-train: Nørreport or Østerport.
The Hirschsprung Collection was founded by
tobacco manufacturer Heinrich Hirschsprung.
During the last decades of the 19
th
century, he
bought a large amount of art by Danish artists,
which he donated to the Danish State in 1902. The
museum named in his honour was opened in 1911.

The museum holds a fine collection of Danish
paintings from the Golden Age of the 19
th
century.
Among them is found the famous 1899 work by
Peder Severin Krøyer, Summer Evening By Skagen’s
Beach.

2. Statens Museum for Kunst /National
Art Museum (Sølvgade 48-50)
www.smk.dk
S-train: Nørreport.
The National Art Museum’s pompous building was
designed by Jens Vilhelm Dahlerup and erected in

1889-1896. It holds Danish and international art
from the 14
th
century to present-day.

The older collection has works by artists such as
Rembrandt, Fran Hals and Rubens. The Modern era
is represented by Picasso, Edvard Munch and
Matisse, among others.

The museum is situated in the park, Østre Anlæg,
which is a remnant of Copenhagen’s historic
earthworks, complete with bastions and a moat.

3. Nyboder (Skt. Paulsgade 24)
www.orlogsmuseet.dk/nybod22.htm
S-train: Østerport.
The charming Nyboder was built by King Christian
IV in 1631-1641 as the world’s first terrace houses.
It was intended as a residential area for the people
of the Danish Navy and their families. The houses
were originally around 40 m², but they were later
converted and expanded. One of the original blocks
from 1631 can be seen in Skt. Pauls Gade (St. Paul’s
Street), where, in no 24, it is possible to visit
Nyboders Mindestuer (Nyboder Memorial Rooms).

4. Kastellet/The Citadel (Entrance
from Esplanaden/Langelinie)
S-tog: Østerport.

Kastellet is a uniquely well-preserved fortification,
commenced by King Christian IV and completed
by King Frederik III. It is located on Frederikshavn.

Kastellet has five bastions and a moat, all preserved.
Originally there was a mill on each of the five
bastions, but today only one is left. Other preserved
buildings include the beautiful entrance portals, the
barracks and the church, built in 1703-1704. Today
Kastellet functions as a barracks, but everything is
open to the public

5. Den Lille Havfrue/ The little Mermaid
(Langelinie)
S-tog: Østerport.
The world famous Little Mermaid is a sculpture
made by Edvard Eriksen in 1913. It is inspired by
Hans Christian Andersen’s fairytale of the same
name. The Little Mermaid is sitting on a stone by
the water’s edge at the entrance to Copenhagen
Harbour

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Copenhagen Trip 1
6. Gefion-springvandet/Gefion
Fountain (Langelinie/Amaliegade)

S-tog: Østerport.
This is Copenhagen’s largest monument, built in
1908 by the Danish sculptor Anders Bundgård. The
fountain illustrates the myth of the Swedish King
Gylfe, who let the goddess Gefion keep all the land
she could plough in a single day. Gefion turned her
four sons into oxen and together they ploughed all
of Sjælland (Seeland) and placed it between Fyn
(Funen) and Skåne (Scania).

7. Frederiksstaden/Frederik’s Town
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
King Frederik V founded the new city part,
Frederiksstaden in 1748 on the occasion of the
ruling Oldenborgian Dynasty’s third centennial.
Frederiksstaden was intended as a fashionable
quarter, and Gottlob Moltke was put in charge of
the planning whereas Nicolai Egtved became the
chief architect.

Amalienborg Castle, Frederikskirken (Frederik’s
Church) and Marmorkirken (The Marble Church)
became the centre of the area. Other impressive
buildings, such as the Odd Fellow Palace, are
primarily situated in Bredgade

8. Alexander Nevsky Church
(Bredgade 53)
S-tog: Østerport.
This Russian Orthodox Church with its three golden

onion domes was built 1881-1883 with assistance
from Tsar Alexander III. The church is in 17
th

century Russian architectural style; it is a beautiful
and exotic feature in Copenhagen’s scenery, and it
has several beautiful icons.

9. Frederikskirken/Marmorkirken
Frederik Church/Marble Church
(Frederiksgade)
www.marmorkirken.dk
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
The foundation stone of the Marble Church was
laid by King Frederik V in 1749, but a few years
after his death in 1766 the construction was halted
and a long time would pass before the church was
completed.

The marble Church stood unfinished for more than
a century, but in 1874 the financier Carl Frederik
Tietgen bought the church and surrounding plots,
and in 1877 the construction work resumed. The
Marble Church finally stood finished in 1894.

The building style is Italian Baroque, and the
impressive dome is the third largest in Europe with
a span of 32 metres. There are several statues of
Danish ecclesiastical personalities around the
church, among them St Ansgar and Nikolaj

Frederik Severin Grundtvig.

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Copenhagen Trip 1
10. Amalienborg Slot/Amalienborg
Castle (Amalienborg
Slotsplads/Amalienborg Castle Square)
www.ses.dk/12a000c & www.kongehuset.dk
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
Amalienborg Castle has been the residence of the
Danish Royal Family since the fire at Christiansborg
in 1794. The four beautiful Rococo palaces, centrally
located in Frederiksstaden, are among the finest in
Europe. Four noble families were given the land
plots on the condition they build the palaces
according to Nicolai Eigtved’s design from 1749.

Christian VIII’s Palace houses the museum, the
Royal Danish Collections (Danske Kongers
Kronologiske Samling), which tells the history of
Danish kings from 1863 to 1947. Visitors to the
museum also have an excellent opportunity to see
one of the beautiful palaces from the inside.

On Amaliensborg’s Palace Square stands the statue
of Jaques Francois Joseph Saly from 1771. This is

considered one of the finest equestrian statues in
the world.

Amalie/Garden (Amaliehaven) is from 1983. It
offers a terrific view of the Castle and the Marble
Church, as well as the Opera house at the other side
of the harbour. The Opera house was built in 2005
according to Henning Larsen’s design.

11. Den Kongelige
Afstøbningssamling/The Royal Cast
Collection (Toldbodgade 40)
www.smk.dk
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
This museum is part of the National Art Museum,
and it is one of the world’s largest cast collections
with more than 2,000 works from 4,000 years of
Western civilization


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Copenhagen Trip 2
Copenhagen Trip 2

12. Nyhavn/New haven
www.nyhavn.com
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.

Nyhavn, the Canal Street, is famous for its cosy
ambience; it attracts many people, both tourists and
locals. It was built in 1671 by King Christian V and
originally named Nyhavnskanalen (New Haven
Canal). A similar Canal was planned for St Annæ
Square, but it was never carried out.

Some of the many houses along the canal date back
to the earliest days, and many of them display the
year they were finished. For many years Nyhavn was
typical harbour area with small joints, sailors ashore
and filles de joie. But today Nyhavn’s many bars,
restaurants and beautiful old wooden boats are for
the whole family.

The storyteller Hans Christian Andersen was very
fond of Nyhavn’s atmosphere, and he stayed there
during several periods of his life, in numbers 18, 20
and 67.

13. Det Kongelige Teater/The Royal
Danish
Theatre (Kongens Nytorv)
www.kglteater.dk
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
Vilhelm Dahlerup’s theatre building was built in
1872-1874 as a replacement for the previous theatre
from 1748. Its architectural style was inspired by
the Renaissance.


In front of the theatre there is a statue of Ludvig
Holberg and one of Adam Oehlenschläger, whose
plays have often been performed at the theatre. The
Royal Theatre is exquisitely furnished, and the large
hall accommodates 1,500 guests. In 1931 a new
stage was added. Its popular name is Stærekassen
(Starling’s Nest Box), and it is reserved for plays.

14. Holmens Kirke/Holmen’s Church
(Holmens Kanal/Holmen’s Canal)
www.holmenskirke.dk
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
In 1619, King Christian IV turned the old anchor
forge into a Naval church. It was reconstructed in
the characteristic Christian IV Renaissance style.
The altarpiece from 1661 and the baptismal font
from 1662 were both made by Abel Schrøder.
Among the Church’s interesting interior features
are the sarcophagi of the naval heroes Peter
Tordenskjold and Niels Juel

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Copenhagen Trip 2
15. Børsen/The Bourse (Børsgade)
www.borsbygningen.dk
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.

Copenhagen’s Old Bourse was built by King
Christian IV in 1619-1645. It was originally intended
as a large market hall. The building is 128 metres
long and 21 metres wide. It is decorated in
sumptuous Renaissance style with the characteristic
Dragon Spire from 1625 in a central position. The
spire comprises four intertwined dragons. Today, the
building houses the Danish Chamber of Commerce.

16. Det Kongelige Bibliotek/The Royal
Library (Søren Kierkegaards Plads 1)
www.kb.dk
S-tog: København H.
The Royal Library consists of two buildings: Den
Sorte Diamant (The Black Diamond), made of
black marble, which reflects in the water, was
finished in 1999. It is one of Copenhagen’s most
characteristic buildings. The old part of the library
was built in 1898-1906 to hold the large collections
founded by King Frederik III in 1670. The beautiful
building frames the tranquil Royal Library Garden,
which until 1868 had been a naval harbour basin.

Some of the large mooring rings from the maritime
age can still be seen there

On Søren Kierkegaards Plads by the Royal Library
stands the Isted Lion, made by Herman Wilhelm
Bissen in 1859-1860 as a monument to the Danish
victory in the Battle of Isted, 1850. The Lion was

moved to Berlin in 1864, but returned to Denmark
in 1945.

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Copenhagen Trip 2
17. Christianskirken/Christian’s Church
(Strandgade 1)
www.christianskirke.dk
Metro: Christianshavn.
The beautiful Christian’s Church was built in the
Rococo period 1755-1759; the spire was added in
1769. The church was intended for Copenhagen’s
German congregation, and its original name was
Frederik’s German Church.

The Christian’s Church’s interior layout is atypical
with balconies on different levels arranged around
the central space.

18. Vor Frelsers Kirke/Church of Our
Saviour (Skt. Annæ Gade 29)
www.vorfrelserskirke.dk
Metro: Christianshavn.
Church of Our Saviour was built in 1682 in Dutch
Baroque style. The church is famous for its outside

spiral staircase winding around the 86-metre-high
church tower from 1752. The tower has 400 steps,
the last 150 of them on the outside. Those who
brave all 400 steps will be rewarded with one of the
best views of the city.

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Copenhagen Trip 2
19. Operaen/The Opera
(Ekvipagemestervej 10)
www.operaen.dk
Metro: Christianshavn.
Operaen is the name of the Royal Theatre’s opera
house on Holmen. It was built and presented to the
Danish state by ship owner Mærsk McKinney-

Møller, whose head office is situated in the white
office buildings on the opposite side of the harbour
entrance. Operaen was designed by Henning Larsen
and opened in 2005. The building has 14 stories, 5
underground. The large hall can accommodate 1,500
guests.

The works of several famous artists are on display,
among them four bronze reliefs by the Dane Per
Andersen Kirkeby, and three fantastic chandeliers
by Icelander Olafur Eliasson. Per Arnoldi is
responsible for the colour designs in the building,
wich is characterized by high quality building
materials and excellent workmanship.



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Copenhagen Trip 3
Copenhagen Trip 3

20. Botanisk Have/Botanic Garden
www.botanic-garden.ku.dk
S-tog/metro: Nørreport.
Botanic Garden is situated in Copenhagen’s “green
belt”, the city’s former earthworks and moats. The

beautiful and tranquil Garden belongs to
Copenhagen University. It was founded in 1871 as
the fourth of its kind in Copenhagen. The Garden’s
thousands of plants are partly housed in the 30
greenhouses, of which the large Palm House is the
most popular. Copenhagen’s Geological Museum is
also located in the Garden.

21. Rosenborg Slot/Rosenborg Castle
(Øster Voldgade 4A)
www.rosenborgslot.dk
S-tog/metro: Nørreport.
King Christian IV built Rosenborg Castle in 1606-
1633 as a summer residence in the newly landscaped
park, Kongens Have (King’s Garden), outside the
city’s old earthworks. The castle

was built in Dutch Renaissance style and functioned
as royal residence until 1710.

Since 1858, Rosenborg has been a museum housing
the unique Rosenborg Collections, which include
the Crown Jewels.

King’s Garden, a delightful oasis in the centre of
Copenhagen, is also worth a visit.

22. Rundetårn/Round Tower;Trinitatis
Kirke Trinity Church (Købmagergade
52A)

www.rundetaarn.dk & www.trinitatiskirke.dk
S-tog/metro: Nørreport.
Rundetårn and Trinitatis Church were built during
the reign of King Christian IV. The construction
began in 1637, and Rundetårn was finished in 1642,
whereas Trinity Church did not open until 1656.

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Copenhagen Trip 3
The characteristic Rundetårn is one of Copenhagen’s
icons. It is perhaps best known for its 209-metre-
long spiral staircase, which leads from street level to
the top of the tower 36 metres up. Rundetårn
functioned partly as an observatory, partly as
entrance to the university library, which was located
on the top floor of the Church. In 1716, when the
Russian Tsar, Peter the Great, visited Copenhagen,
he rode his horse to the top of Rundetårn.

23. Regensen (Købmagergade/Store
Kannikestræde)
www.regensen.dk
S-tog/metro: Nørreport.
Regensen goes back to 1569, where King Frederik II
founded Kommunitetet, which was a foundation to
support 100 university students. A grant from King

Christian IV was in 1618-1628 used to turn an old
nobleman’s estate into a student hall of residence.
Parts of Regensen had to be rebuilt after the fire in
1728.

The King originally intended Regensen for needy
students, and it was possible to stay there free of
charge until 1983. Among the historical events that
have taken place at Regensen was the creation of the
Faroese flag, Merkið, by the alumni Jens Lindvig in
1916.

24. Gråbrødre Torv/Greyfriars’ Square
S-tog: Nørreport/metro.
Greyfriars’ Square was named after a monastery,
which stood there in 1238-1530. It is one of the
most atmospheric places in Copenhagen with its
beautiful, gaily coloured houses from the 18
th
and
19
th
centuries. The Square is shielded from the
bustle of the nearby streets, which makes it an ideal
place to relax on a bench or in a café.

25. Helligåndskirken/Church of the
Holy Ghost (Niels Hemmingsensgade
5)
www.helligaandskirken.dk

S-tog/metro: Nørreport.
The story of the Church of the Holy Ghost began
with the construction of Helligåndshuset (House of
the Holy Ghost) ca. 1300. The House functioned as
a kind of hospital and home for sick or lonely
senior citizens. In connection with the House, a
church was built. This was the original Church of
the Holy Ghost. When King Christian visited the
Pope in Rome in 1474, he was given permission to
build a larger monastic hospital in Copenhagen.
This resulted in expansion of both the Church and
the House of the Holy Ghost, which is still standing
today. The medieval church was destroyed in a fire
in 1728 and rebuilt in 1730-1732. Among the
preserved features is the Baroque entrance portal
from 1620. Inside the church stands the baptismal
font made by Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1828.

26. Domhuset/ Copenhagen Court
House (Nytorv 21-25)
S-train: København H/Vesterport.
Copenhagen Courthouse was built in 1805-1815 by
Christian Frederik Hansen. The architectural style is
Classicistic, and the building originally functioned as
combined City Hall and Courthouse. The covered
corridor leading from the Courthouse to the prison is
called the Bridge of Sighs after the Venetian original.

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Copenhagen Trip 3
Nytorv Square joins with Gammeltorv to create a
large open space where earlier versions of
Copenhagen’s City Hall stood between 1479-1795.

27. Vor Frue Kirke/Church of Our Lady
(Frue Plads)
www.koebenhavnsdomkirke.dk
S-tog/metro: Nørreport.
The 60-metre-tall and 83-metre-long Copenhagen
Cathedral was built in classicistic style in 1811-1829
by Christian Frederik Hansen. But as early as 1185
there is mention of a church in the same location,
which at the time was the highest elevation in
Copenhagen. The Cathedral burned several times,
last in 1807 when the British fleet bombarded
Copenhagen and targeted the church tower, which
was the highest point in the city. The tower caught
fire after a direct hit and fell on the church building.

Church of Our Lady was given status as Cathedral
of Copenhagen in 1924. The cathedral’s interior is
held in a consistent style with Bertel Thorvaldsen’s
Christ figure as the dominant feature. It functions
as altar statue with the twelve Disciples placed
along the walls of the nave. The baptismal font was

also made by Bertel Thorvaldsen.

Among the historical events that have taken place
in the church are the wedding between Queen
Margrethe I and the Norwegian King Haakon in
1363, and the coronation of Christian IV in 1596.

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Copenhagen Trip 3
28. Københavns
Universitet/Copenhagen University
(Frue Plads)
www.ku.dk
S-tog/metro: Nørreport.
Denmark’s first university, Copenhagen University,
was founded in 1479. The Danish King had been
granted permission by the Pope, and in the
beginning there were four faculties: Law, Philosophy,

Medicine and Theology.

The present main building was built in 1831-1836.
The vestibule and the ceremonial hall are particularly
interesting. Other faculties are located various places
in the city. The Geological Museum, which is part of
the university, is beautifully situated in the Botanic
Garden. The University Library from 1857-1861,
located in Fiolstræde, is also worth a visit. The
church-like Library is made of stone and iron.

29 Skt. Petri Kirke/St Petri Church
www.sankt-petri.dk
S-tog/metro: Nørreport.
St Petri Church, built in the 15th century and
extended in the 17th century by Christian I, is the
oldest best-preserved church in the medieval town.
It has since 1585 been run by Copenhagen’s
German congregation. St Petri Church is owned by
the Danish state.







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Copenhagen


21

Copenhagen Trip 4
Copenhagen Trip 4

30. Nikolaj Church (Nikolaj Plads)
www.kunsthallennikolaj.dk
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
The original Nikolaj Church was built in the 13th
century, which makes it one of Copenhagen
’s oldest
churches. In 1795, a fire destroyed most of the
church, only the tower (
minus the spire) was left
standing.

The church tower, built in 1591, was for many years
used partly as a lookout post for fires and partly to
mark the time for mariners. Every day at 1 o’clock
a
ball was dropped from the tower.

The church was reconstructed in 1915-1917, and the
new spire was finished in 1919.

In 1805, Nikolai Church ceased to be used for
religious ceremony. It has since had various uses; fire
station, naval museum and library. Today the
building hosts various cultural exhibitions.


31.Christiansborg Slot/ Christiansborg
Castle (Christiansborg Slotsplads/
Christiansborg Castle Square)
www.ses.dk/383755f0
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
Bishop Absalon founded Copenhagen by building
his fortress in this spot. The fortress was gradually
expanded until it became Copenhagen Castle,
through centuries the residence of the king and
forerunner to Christiansborg Castle.

Christian VI decided to tear down Copenhagen
Castle in 1731, and two years later he laid the
foundation stone to a new castle named
Christiansborg. Christiansborg burned down in
1794 and a second Christiansborg was built, only to
burn down once more in 1884. The present
impressive castle, with its 103-metre-tall tower, was
built in 1907-1928 following Thorvald Jørgensen’s
design. Behind the castle lie the old riding grounds
and Nicolai Eigtved’s pavilions facing the Marble
Bridge, built by Eigtved in 1733-1745.

In front of Christiansborg stands Herman Wilhelm
Bissen’s equestrian statue of King Frederik VIII,
and in the Yard there’s another statue of Christian
IX.

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Copenhagen

22

Copenhagen Trip 4
The castle houses the Danish Parliament, called
Folketinget, ministerial functions and Royal Reception
Rooms. Large parts of Christiansborg are open to
visitors, among them Folketinget. Beneath the castle
lie the remnants of Bishop Absalon’s original
fortress. On the riding grounds stands the Royal
Theatre from 1766, which is now a museum, and the
Royal Staples and Coaches, some dating back to
1770.

32. Christiansborg
Slotskirke/Christiansborg Chapel
(Christiansborg Slotsplads)
www.ses.dk/388c55f0/GSID/1734156
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
Christiansborg Chapel was originally built for the
first Christiansborg in 1738-1742. Both the Castle
and the Chapel burned in 1794, and the present
church was built on the ruins of the original
between 1813-1826. It was built in Classicistic style
by Christian Frederik Hansen. The building’s
interior is particularly beautiful with an elegant
dome construction.

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Copenhagen

23

Copenhagen Trip 4
33. Thorvaldsen’s Museum
(Porthusgade 2)
www.thorvaldsensmuseum.dk
Metro: Kongens Nytorv.
Thorvaldsen’s Museum was built in Danish
Classicistic style, following Thorvald Bindesbøll’s
design, in 1839-1848. The museum contains, among
other things, collections of antiques, which
Bindesbøll donated to Copenhagen in 1838. The
frieze on the museum’s front depicts Thorvaldsen’s
return from Rome in 1838, where he had been living
and working for 40 years.

34. Kongens Bryghus/Christian IV’s
Brewery (Frederiksholms Kanal 29)
www.thm.dk/admin/bryghus.htm
S-tog: København H.
Several fortifications were built in and around King
Christian IV’s Naval Port, among them a large
bastion from 1607-1608. In 1618, the king turned
the building into a brewery for the Court and the

Navy. Later the building became the property of the
Army, and it has also functioned as a depot for the
nearby Royal Arsenal Museum. Today Christian IV’s
Brewery is owned by the Palaces and Properties
Agency.

35. Danmarks Nationalmuseum/The
National Museum of Denmark (Ny
Vestergade 10)
www.nationalmuseet.dk
S-tog: København H.
The National Museum is Denmark’s primary
cultural and historical museum. It is situated in the
Prince’s Castle (Prinsens palæ) from 1864. The
origin of its collections was the Royal Chamber of
Art (Kongens Kunstkammer), which was founded
by King Frederik III in the mid-17
th
century.

The Museum’s collections are so rich and extensive
that it is advisable to focus on one or two themes
per visit.

Thousands of exhibits have been arranged by
theme in other locations around Copenhagen; For
instance, the fascinating Victorian style home from
ca. 1900 at Frederiksholms Kanal, the Open-Air
Museum ( Frilandsmuseet) in Sorgenfri, and the
Museum of Freedom (Frihedsmuseet) by Kastellet.


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Copenhagen

24

Copenhagen Trip 4
36. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (Dantes
Plads 7)
www.glyptoteket.dk
S-tog: København H.
Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, popularly called
Glyptoteket, is one of Copenhagen’s most important
museums. It was built in 1897-1906 by Carl Jacobsen
for his private art collection. Glyptoteket’s
collections include ancient mummies, sarcophagi,
Greek and Roman portraits, and one of the most
extensive collections of Etruscan art outside Italy.
The newer collection includes paintings from the
Danish Golden age, as well as works by van Gogh,
Gauguin and Monet.

The museum building itself is also of interest. The
facade is in Venetian Renaissance style with a
triumphal arch-like portal, whereas the back of the
building is inspired by the Mausoleum of
Halikarnassos. The central subtropical winter garden
is a beautiful oasis with many sculptures. Hack
Kampmann’s ancient Greek Hall is very impressive,
and the mummy exhibition is constructed as a trip to

ancient Egypt

37. Tivoli (Vesterbrogade/Axeltorv)
www.tivoli.dk
S-tog: København H.
Tivoli is Copenhagen’s beautiful entertainment park
from 1843. The park was built on Copenhagen’s
historic earthworks, and the Tivoli lakes are
remnants of the old moat. Tivoli is Denmark’s most
popular attraction with over 4 million guests every
year. It has a fairytale atmosphere, with coloured
lights, flowers, benches and fountains. At Christmas
the park hosts a Christmas market in the
characteristic Tivoli style.

38. Rådhuspladsen/City Hall Square
S-tog: Vesterport.
Rådhuspladsen is Copenhagen’s central square. It
has a view to the Tivoli Castle, Richshuset from
1936 with its ten-metre-tall thermometer, the
beautiful Jugend-style Palace Hotel and the City
Hall.

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Copenhagen

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Copenhagen Trip 4

Copenhagen’s impressive City Hall was built
between 1892-1905 by Martin Nyrop in National
Romantic style, inspired by Italian Renaissance. City
Hall is richly adorned, inside as well as outside. The
hall is grand and it is also possible to climb the 105-
metre-tall Tower, whose balconies offer an excellent
view of Copenhagen.

Prominent visitors to Copenhagen are traditionally
invited by the Mayor to eat pancakes at City Hall,
and many Danish sport stars, such as the national
soccer team that won the European Championship
in 1992, have received the people’s homage standing
on the small balcony facing the Square.

39. Københavns
Hovedbanegård/Copenhagen
Central Station
www.hovedbanen.dk
S-tog: København H.
Copenhagen’s Central Station was opened in 1911.
The large station halls are the most prominent
example among the Nordic countries of the era’s
grand railway constructions. The Central Station
was originally divided into a Departure Hall
(towards Vesterbrogade) and an Arrival Hall. It was
originally a terminus, but when the boulevard line
to Østerport opened in 1921 the tracks were
continued northward.


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