Grammar:

Conditional sentences
I: Basic conditional sentences
II. The mixed conditional sentence type II and III
III: Inversion in Conditional sentences
IV. Some variants of conditional sentences


I: Conditional sentences
Type 1:

IF S + V (hiện tại) , S + WILL ( CAN, MAY) + V (nguyên mẫu)

Cách dùng: Chỉ sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
ex:

If it is sunny, I will go fishing.

Type 2: IF S + V (quá khứ) , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) + V (nguyên mẫu)
( be ln dùng were dù chủ từ số ít hay nhiều )
Cách dùng: Chỉ sự việc khơng thể hoặc khó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Ex :

If I were you, I would go abroad.

Type 3: IF S +HAD +P.P , S + WOULD ( COULD, MIGHT ) HAVE + P.P
Cách dùng:

Chỉ sự việc đã không xảy ra ở quá khứ.

Ex: If I hadn’t been absent yesterday, I would have met him.


Exercise I: Choose the best answer:
1.

I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your house.

A.

hadn't

B. hadn't been

C. wouldn't be

D. wasn't

2. If I _____, I would express my feelings.

B.

were asked

B. would ask

C. had been asked

3. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?


A. stole

D. asked
B. have stolen

C. were to steal

D. steal

4. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.

C.

would invest

B. invested

C. had invested

D. invests

5. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.

D.

climbed

B. could climb

6. Unless you understand, I

7. You should stay home if

10. If I
A. must be

D. climb

explain it to you again.
it .

8. You’ll burn yourself if you aren’t
9. If anybody

C. is climbing

A. rain
.

A. Am

B. rained
A. Good

question, please ask me after class.

C. rains
B. careful

A. have


somebody else, I’d like to be the teacher.
B. could be

C. would be

B. would

D. became

C. will

D. was

D. raining
C. kind

B. have the

D. working hard
C. has

D. has a


Bài 2: Chia động từ dưới đây.
study
1) If I (to study), I (to pass)

will pass
the exams.


2) If the sun (to shine),shines
we (to walk)

will walk
to the town.

hasa temperature, he (to see)
3) If he (to have)
come
4) If my friends (to come), I (to be)

the doctor.

will be
very happy.

earns
5) If she (to earn)
a lot of money, she (to fly)
travel
6) If we (to travel)
to London, we (to visit)

to New York.

will fly

will visit
the museums.


wear
7) If you (to wear)
sandals in the mountains, you
forgets
8) If Rita (to forget)
her homework, the teacher
gothe disco, they
9) If they (to go) to

will see

(to slip) on the rocks.
(to give) her a low mark.

(to listen) to loud music. will listen

wait
10) If you (to wait) a minute, I (to ask)

my parents.will ask

will slip
will give


Exercise 3: Choose the best answer
1. If she …………………….. the lottery last year, She……………………..rich now.

A.


Have won/would be

C. won /would be

B. had won/would be

D. wins/will be

2. If I ……………..the homework last night, I……………..bonus today.

B.

Had done/would get

C. done/would get

B. had done/would have got
D. does/will get

3. If we had played this game yesterday, we……………….a lot of money now.
A. Will have

B. may have

C. would have had

D. would have

4. If it ……………………………last night, it would be cold today.

A. Had rained

B. rained

C. have rained

D. was raining

5. If she……………….to me, she……………………..in trouble right now.

C.

Had listened/would be

C. had listened/would not be

B. had listened/would have be
D. A & B


Ex 4: Put the verb into the correct form

1) If I was offered the job, I think I (take)………….. it.

would take
refused

2) I’m sure Tom will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if he (refuse)……………
3) Many people would be out of work if that factory (close)……………down.


closed

4) If she sold her car, she (not/get)………… .much
for it.
wouldmoney
not get
5) They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we (not come)……………….
6) Would George be angry If I (take)……………..his bicycle
without asking?
took
would
7) Ann give me this ring. She (be)…………….terribly upset
if I be
lost it.
walked
8) If someone (walk)…………..in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.

didn’t come


Exercise 5: Read the situation and write a sentence with If

1)

I’m not going to buy that mobile phone because it’s too expensive.

If that mobile phone weren’t so expensive, I would buy it.
2) She doesn’t go out very often because she can’t walk without help
If she could walk without help, she would go out more often.
3) He is fat but he doesn’t play sport.

If he played sports, he wouldn’t be fat.
4) We can’t go out for lunch because it’s raining.
If it weren’t raining, we could be able to gou out for lunch.
5) I can’t see you this Friday because I have to work.
If I didn’t have to work, I could be able to see you tomorrow.
6) Peter lives with his parents because he can’t buy a flat.
If Peter could buy a flat, he he wouldn’t live with his parents.
7) Mary is sad because she has a small flat.
If Mary didn’t have a small flat, he wouldn’t be sad.
8) I don’t know his email so I can’t send him an invitation.
If I knew his email, I could send him an invitation.
9) I am so busy so I don’t have enough time to go to the supermarket.
If I weren’t busy, I would have enough time to go to the supermarket.
10) I like to buy a new car but I don’t have enough money.
If I had enough money, I would buy a new car.


Bài 6:For each situation write a sentence beginning with if

1. I wasn't hungry, so I didn't eat anything.
If I'd been hungry, I would have eaten something.
2. The accident happened because the road was icy.
If the road hadn't been icy, the accident would't have happened.
3. I didn't know that Joe had to get up early, so I didn't wake him up.
If I'd known, I'd have woken.
4. I was able to buy the car only because Jane lent me the money.
If Jane hadn't lent me the money, I wouldn't have been able to buy the car.
5. Karen wasn't injured in the crash because she was wearing a seat belt.
If Karen hadn't been wearing a seat belt, she 'd have been injured
6. You didn't have any breakfast – that's why you're hungry now.

I you'd had, you wouldn't be hungry now.
7. I didn't get a taxi because I didn't have any money.
If I'd had money, I would have got a taxi


II. The mixed conditional sentence type II and III
1. Cấu trúc cơ bản
Clause 1 (would + V) + if + Clause 2 (had + P2)
Ex: If I had been born in town, I would like life there.
(the fact that I wasn’t born in town, so I don’t like life there now)


Bài tập 2: Từ tình huống cho sẵn, viết câu điều kiện với If

1) Bob is tired now because he came home late last night.
If Bob hadn’t come home late last night, he wouldn’t be tired now.
2) I revised my lesson so I get bonus scores today.
If I hadn’t revised my lesson, I wouldn’t have got bonus scores today.
3) Anna didn’t learn English in high school, so she doesn’t have good job.
If Anna had learned English in high school, she would have had good job.
4) I am not rich. I didn’t buy new flat last month.
If I were rich, I would have bought new flat last month.
5) We can’t reach Tony’s house now because we didn’t ask for direction before.
We could reach Tony’s house now if we had asked for direction before.


III: Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện
Type I: • Nếu trong câu có “should” ở mệnh đề if, thì đảo “should” lên đầu câu.
Ex: If he should ring , I will tell him the news.
→ Should he ring, I will tell him the news.

• Nếu trong câu khơng có “should”, chúng ta phải mượn “should”
Ex: If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. → Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis.
Type II: • Nếu trong câu có động từ “were”, thì đảo “were” lên đầu.
Ex. If I were you, I would invite him to the party.
→ Were I you, I would invite him to the party.
• Nếu trong câu khơng có động từ “were” thì mượn “were’ và dùng “ to V”
Ex: If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book.
→ Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book.
Type III: Đảo trợ động từ của thì q khứ hồn thành
Ex: If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
→ Had it rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.
Chú ý: ở dạng phủ định, “not” được đặt sau chủ ngữ:
Ex: Had it not been so late, we would have called you.


Exercise 3: Choose the best answer
1. If you should need some more money, take an extra twenty.

a. Were you need some more money

=>_______________________ take an extra twenty.

b. Had you need some more money,

c. Should you need some more money,

2.If I were your teacher, I would insist you try harder. => ____________________, I would insist you try harder.
a. Were I your teacher

b. I were your teacher


3. If my boss calls, please let me know right away.

=> ___________________, please let me know right away.

4. If I had thought of the right words, I would have told him what I was thinking!
a. I had thought of the right words

a. Should my boss call

b. Should my boss calls

=>______________, I would have told him what I was thinking!

b. Had I thought of the right words

5. If I were a millionaire, I would not have to worry about spending money.
=>_______________, I would not have to worry about spending money. a. Were I a millionaire
6.If they run out of tickets, we will have to go to another movie.
a. Were they run out of tickets

a. Should you change your mind

c. I was a millionaire

=>________________________, we will have to go to another movie.

b. Should they run out of tickets

7. If you change your mind, let me know.


b. Was I a millionaire

c. Had they run out of tickets

=> __________________, let me know.
b. Do you change your mind

c. You change your mind

8. If you had known my dad, you would have thought he was wonderful too
_=>____________, you would have thought he was wonderful too. a. Know my dad
9. If you had seen the bird dancing, you would have laughed too.
a. Had you seen the bird dancing

b. Have you known my dad

c. Had you known my dad

=>________________ dancing, you would have laughed too.

b. Had you see the bird dancing

c. Were you seen the bird dancing

10. If I were a movie star, I could get any table in the fanciest restaurant.
=>___________________ could get any table in the fanciest restaurant. a. Was I a movie star

b. Were I a movie star


c. Am I a movie star


IV. Một số dạng biến thể của câu điều kiện
(1) Unless = If not
Ex: If I don't work hard, I will fail this exam.
= Unless I work hard, I will fail this exam.
(2) Without/ But for (Nếu không nhờ……./ Nếu khơng vì……… ) chỉ dùng trong câu điều kiện loại II, III
Cấu trúc:

Type II: Without/But for + Noun Phrases/Ving, S + could/would + Vinf…
Type III: Without/But for + Noun Phrases/Ving, S + could/would + have + Ved/PII…

Ex. You help me everyday so I can finish my work.
→ But for your daily help, I couldn’t finish my work.
If it hadn’t rained, they would have had a good picnic.
→But for the rain, they would have had a good picnic.
(3) Or/ Otherwise (Nếu khơng thì)
Ex: If you don't hurry up, you will be late for school.
= Hurry up or / otherwise you will be late for school.
(4) Incase (Phòng khi)

Thường được sử dụng cho câu điều kiện loại 1.

Ex : Bring an umbrella along incase it rains.
(5) As long as/ So long as/ Providing that/ Provided that = If
Cấu trúc được chia tương tự như If.


Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences , using the words in the blank

1. If he doesn't practice writing every day, he can't improve his writing skill. (Unless)
➔Unless he practices writing every day, he can't improve his writing skill.
2. If it hadn’t been for our parents, Kim wouldn’t have never been successful. (But for )
➔But for our parents, Kim wouldn’t have never been successful.
3. If Miss Trang hadn’t helped me, I would have fail. (Otherwise)
➔Miss Trang helped me a lot. Otherwise, I would have fail.
4. I sent an email to Liz but she didn't reply. So I sent another email because perhaps she hadn't received the first one. (in case )
➔I sent I sent another email in case she hadn't received the first one.
5. You can use my car but you must drive carefully - this is a condition. (so long as )
➔You can use my car so long as you drive carefully.