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'0(S$$9'A:C5;>$d:$D"=-</5W:$9$-^XT-e-b$S

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Chương I: Giới thiệu về linh kiện
Chương II: Sơ đồ nguyên lý và sơ đồ mạch
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1.1.1 Tổng quan 4
1.1.2 Cấu trúc bên ngoài IC AT89C51 5
5
1.1.3 Nhóm chân điều khiển vào ra 5
1.1.4 Các nhóm chân khác 6
1.1.5 Cấu trúc bên trong của IC AT89C51 7
1.1.6 RAM đa dụng 8
1.1.7 RAM địa chỉ hóa từng bit 8
1.1.8 Các Bank thanh ghi 8
1.1.9 Các thanh ghi có chức năng đặc biệt 9
D-H$*$B*-(0O-DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
1.2.1 Domino 11
Domino loại dài: gồm có 2 miếng, 1 miếng hàn cố định trên board, 1miếng dùng để bắt
vít dây điện 11
1.2.2 IC 7805 11
1.2.4 Đèn LED 12
1.2.5 Thạch anh điện tử 13

1.2.6 Điện trở 14
1.2.7 Transistor C1815 14
','(" !$3$+4 &'/////////56
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1.1.1 Tổng quan
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(Nh>$$/$Y8/H[59HZD
nZ%SHA$B-c•‚•
nfC#]^C$X:VX:$
n3-G'rQ$B35$E3*$)ƒ_
n8:C$V(ƒ-03V(d:$
n8e3o„
n…(R(3E+S$$9':G5o:C
n8m-\
n`LFM5$B'-3-G'e"
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1.1.2 Cấu trúc bên ngoài IC AT89C51
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1.1.3 Nhóm chân điều khiển vào ra
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n qQ$B3poX-\5/R'ƒ_5;/-†G'AF€ H$B3   ,
-\rT59r
n q$*+%LFM:C#0$p%LFM=-- ƒ_
n q$%LFM:C#0$p/9X-\5;/-† G'AF€
H$B35)$/0$9'A#$#D
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n qQ$B3poX-\5/R'ƒ_A5;/-†-/0, -\  
59X
n q$*+%LFM:C#0$p%LFM=-- ƒ_
n q$%LFM:C#0$p/9X-\5;/-† -/05)$/0
$9'A#$#D
;MANONPAQR=FB<5
n qQ$B3poX-\ƒ_,59X
n p0(-†-8-l-F3H--5=>5$E3 *$)  Y3G
4'_
`"cvvvvv (/e

;MANONPAQR=FB<S
n qQ$B3proX-\5/R'ƒ_A--Q$B3*-,-\59X
n p0(r-6Fk'M-AM---l-5I-:$B /pc
• ]Yc  -\  4  F€  H$B3  S$  $9'  :G  5o  :C  g^]c  V  $AV(%/H
^%-(003%]V-V$AV(ƒ(/%$V(h

•Yc-\(3EF€H$B3S$$9':G5o:C
•c-\-3-G'Q$B3„0$gVYV(/H
$V((3'h-5CG'
•c-\-3-G'Q$B3„0$h- 5C
G'
•c-\-3-G'Y3-0:C-03V(
•c-\-3-G'Y3-0:C-03V(
•‡]c-\-3-G'Q$B35$E3*$)$:C# 0$
-5CG'
•]c-\-3-G'Q$B35$E3*$)51-:C# F€  H$B3
0$-5CG'
1.1.4 Các nhóm chân khác
;TGA;UNNPVWN
n"c-\m5$B'-3-G'e"
n{c-\
;UN&,&-\T-5C-/0g(0>$$/S$$)3-3*Nh-0'y'
*i$5CHO$BS/
;TGA;UNERFXYNPo-\XA-\T-0'y'y'S$O-/A0O-
F/05C:[(0A$5$E3*$)
;UNA;ZNDYN;[A;\]NP<B^N;-\rg^ƒ"pph
n\rS$/%%c%LFM:C#-=P(N:[0$A$5$E3*$)
n\rS$"c%LFM:C#-=P(Ngmq:h:[(0A$5$E3*$)
_AA;UN`;_A
nChân PSEN (program store enable),-\Tc-\-3-G'Q$B35$E3*$)
51-Ak#-=P(N:[0$
p`il-G'(0>$$/XTeHGHBD-WHB /-=P(N
5=R-51-,'(0@3/:3%F€H$B35=R--SA0/$HB:[(0XTe5)
$?$WHBDq$XTe$-=P(N(0p]_C$p`il-H0$-D
`"cvvvvv (/d


n  Chân ALE (address latch enable), -\rcq$XTe(3Y3G:C#:[
0$p0(-8-l-H:3%5;/-†AF€H$B3g^U‚^hF058'?$---
5=>F€H$B3A5;/-†DQ$B3(/^i-\lrFkHQ$B35$E3*$)5)
$?$5/R'--5=>5;/-†AF€H$B3*$*9S$-<A#$-SD
Q$B3i-\^HCY3(0*0?>$$/'0(58A/$(6H5;/
-†G'[-S5;/-†00&5CD
n EA\ (External Access): Q$B3A0^ˆi-\r=>5=R-„-H[l-
0I-l-D 93il-NA$5$E3*$)$-=P(N,:C#C$D 93i
l-NA$5$E3*$)$-=P(N,:C#0O$D
_ANPabcFDYERFXYNP<Rd5e<Rd0 fCO0F/05C5=R-Q-R':[(0
XTeDq$%LFMXTe=>$/-†-ZS$[MO-/A--MDZ%SM
O-/=>H‚mD
1.1.5 Cấu trúc bên trong của IC AT89C51
`"cvvvvv (/U

G3(<-:[(0XTe:/0o]_A]^D]^:/0o$E3'Zc
'ZH=3(€5/FM'ZH=3(€5;/-†8/,:$--:/*/$A--/
$-l-5I-:$BD
XTe-8:C#V0-G3(<-/(A/(Fc-8€Ak#($[:$B-0-=P
(NAF€H$B3D=P(NAF€H$B3-8)-l/:[(0XTe=XTeA‰
-8)*9S$A#$dm*:V:C#-=P(NAdm*:V:C#F€H$B3i
(CD
RGDfN<BFNP8J65X\gA=;UNA;CRN;\@RV
• -:/*/$-85;/-†,59ŠD
• ]/5;/-†8/,:$-85;/-†,59ŠD
• ]/5/FM,r59UŠD
• -/$-l-5I-:$B,X59ŠŠD
1.1.6 RAM đa dụng
"k#]/5/FMo-8X:V5;/-†,r‚UŠD"k#:/*/
$r:V,‚Š-b-8)F3HAk#]/5/FMD1$5;/-†

(0Ak]/5/FM5E3-8)(3Y3G&F0Fk*$)35;/-†(&-$9'0I-$
$9'DfC#/Y9' /A$5$E3*$)Fk:C#]/C$[F3H=R:C#
Y9'7(0*$58--:CA$YLHs:[0$H:C#Y9'[F3H=R
ksi(C/
1.1.7 RAM địa chỉ hóa từng bit
XTe-l/:$5=R-5;/-†8/,:$(058X:$-l/i--:V-85;/
-†,59Š--:$-6HO$-l/(08/$-l-5I-:$BD
‹=i(3Y3G,:$:Œ'ZEHC5I-QO /A$5$E3*$)
8$-3D-:$-8)5=R-5IY8//F0(vA#$HB5PD0$(/--'0(-b
-8)(3Y3G5=R-,:QH5P$?'ZEY3G4',:$D
1.1.8 Các Bank thanh ghi
fCHBXTe…(RX/$-8[H]59]UAV0I-5;g%/3*$(V%V
BSh--/$i--5;/-†59UD
\HHB:VFk5;/-†/$D3$[-8)$:ŒHB:V
Fk5;/-†(&-$9'Œ(0:Vlc_"^eD
BFk--/$]59]UN%•„PA/P$E3%0A#$HB
=PlFk5;/-†(&-$9'D
f/*/$Q--&-:Œ--/5x$--:$(0,(O$-=P(N
gp`‡hD{$?%./$lr5/5=R-(3Y3GHB%/35\%•F$-3)C$F3
//$^A0+#(/-85;/-†Xc
_"]^D
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
1.1.9 Các thanh ghi có chức năng đặc biệt
XTe-8/$-l-5I-:$Bg`Š]c`'V-$/HŠ3$0]V$%V(hiAk
([ /]^C$,5;/-†X59ŠŠD
<s(ŒG-?X5;/-†,X59ŠŠ*+5=R-5;Ž/-†-8
/$-l-5I-:$B5=R-5;Ž/%--5;/-†D
NDr-/$-8-l-5I-:$B
_A<;RN;P;C=FB<hVi<N;j=

-'0( /XTe:/0o'0(i5;/-†X'0(i5;/-†T'0(i5;/
-†^A'0(ri5;/-†fDG-?--'0(5E3-8)(3Y3G,:$[(G
34$B(0*?$/0$9'D
_A<;RN;P;C<CGkB
XTe-8-l/:C5;>$ƒ59d:$5=R-Fk5)c
•;*0?>$$/D
•9%&*$BD
•O0S-5C:/3F-0'0(S$$9'(0XTeD
(0--lFM5;*0?>$$/=>$/H4'(N$V(i€*0?5E3
5IA5I->($V(D>5=R-Fk5)5o:C8/-=P(N5)&-$BC-
5C=*$)(/(O$ /--•A00I-L$%&*$B(/--•(/D-lFM
*--8)%LFMA$B-O0Y3;'5E35I /$V(5)50>$$/(+$@3/$€//$
`"cvvvvv (/T

%&*$BgAQFM505C(CY3hD
Khởi động và truy xuất thanh ghi timer:+=>--/$5=R-*i$5CC
HZ5Z3i-=P(N5)5Ii-95CHA$B-5<D`/358(0\-=P(N
--/$$V(5=R--0-OF,--:$5=R-*$)(/AY8/--/$
$V(5=R-51-A-4'4vDV056$7$--lFMD
_A<;RN;P;C=FB<NlC<Cm=
XTe-l/C'0(S$$9'F-0A$B-(/05x$+$A#$--$9:;S$$9'
=Q0FV0I-$/0$9'S$$9'A#$--*-DC/$1$H:C
5BF€H$B3S$$9'g`fŠhi5;/-†TT%•$€-?F€H$B3(3EAF€H$B34Dq$
(3EF€H$B3N$H[`fŠ*$4F€H$B3N51-`fŠD-0FVA4*-
/35=R-H4'(N@3//$5$E3*$)'0(S$$9'`_i5;/-†TXD
_A<;RN;P;CNPn<
C„H%&Y?(/C5$E3*$BC%&*$B8\(/(V0O>$>$
-=P(N-Q(0*$5$E3*$B585=R-'M-AM:i$C-=P(N*-D
-„58CA/$(6@3/(1(0$9*9A-$5I--lFMA$5$E3
*$)D<-0'y'BS5'l:G5o:CA#$C%&*$BA$?$@39%&

*$B58(0*$C-=P(N*-5/&-$D
XTe-8-G3(<-e3o„l-=3$[D-„:;-G%/3*$(V%VB
SA%•5=R--0'y':ŒA$B-$/$-0'y'„ghi5;/-†^X-?
/$5=R-5;/-†8/,:$D
Tổ chức ngắt của 89C51: 8e3o„iXTec„0$„,$V(A
„'0(S$$9'DG-?--„V0I-$[5E3:;-G%/3*$(V%VBSA
5=R--0'y',-$C:Œ'ZED
q$-8/$0I-$E3„5o>$0I-C„Y?(/*$C„*-5/
5=R-'M-AM-8-?/$%&3Z&7$A6A%P5o=3$[/$l-Fk5)Y-5;
A$B-&-$B--„D"$B-7$A63Z&N-S5;==3$[„N-8)
H4'(N5=R-D
`"cvvvvv (/

;RN;P;CXCoV`;CpNAqNP@Vi<
/$5$E3*$)-+%3Ggp_hi5;/-†XU-l/--:$5$E3*$)D
D
-
H$
*$B
*-
(0
O-
1.2.1
Domino
$9^1$HV($/HfH0-*5=R-
•F;-‘%/$9+FMH•+‚$‚ +‘
8o--H…5):„AQF\5$BA058A --
-\5)Y3S:0/(FD
0$0-8--H0O$-\r-\--
F0$0-8(W-8)y'A#$/35)O0$E3-\PD

qQ-=#--8)07*-/3DNFOc-P:?H-8H0O$H0O$„AH0O$
F$D
]$[0$0F$N-6-$/H0O$7€/HH0O$-\-0gA3+8-
T’hA-\“D
Sự khác biệt giữa loại ngắn và dài đó là:
0$0H0O$„cF0$0([:0/(F:„AQF\A0F0$0
Domino loại dài: gồm có 2 miếng, 1 miếng hàn cố định trên board, 1miếng dùng để
bắt vít dây điện
1.2.2 IC 7805
"#$€O-5$B*+56$7$5Cx5; /5$B'@3-/0%LFMx
'=>5=R-=>$$9*9%LFMANO-5$B*5P$?D-H0O$x'=>
5=R-%LFMHUXeUXe-Zx'e"DD
1.2.3 Tụ điện
  C H$
*$B5$BL M
5C  O0 :i$
/$:E I
F‰ 5$B
5=R-   --
`"cvvvvv (/

:i$-G5$B+$Dq$-8-[HB-5$B9O$/$:EIO$5\%•Y3G$B5$[Q-
-k-=>5C=($FG3D
`&Q-M /5$BQ-([:EIO0(/*?Q-(€H=R5$B(=>
/M5$BD
G3O0-3o/$:?-&-H:Œ*$H0O$5I%0%0A--5$B:Œ
CH#'5$B+$D
8Q--G--5$BC-$E3=-0F65$BY0/-$E35$@3/>3[
Hs'8O'D
/D MSc

G3O0coC$9S7N(M0I--8N$S*30/$I5=R-
(:O---5$BA#$/3O0/$ /M5$B
I-Qc*Q-=#-75$B'HA$B--/0MS*Q-=#-7Fk(0--
O-+=>$B/-85$B'HA$B--&-5O$-0'y'He"D
-51-MSM$GcM$GAMSgNF”'h(;%S5=R-*s$B3([/
:Œ:/%SD
:D M8/c
G3O0c--5$B-&-H:Œ+$*$95CF /5$B-&-*0?Uec
rD$€//$:?-&-H-G5$B'\-8$BAM$9'M-O0H#'+0Y$(0
@3(NHA$B-
I-QcM8/-8(;%S5$BF3(GH#%0A#$--M*-D-G5$B+$Fk
(0M8/=>HR'-G8/1-=+Y$+DI-5$) /-G5$B+$
H-8Q-GF‰5$B*+5x$Ž/H*$5I5$B'C-$E3H[MNM-8C
-$E35$B(i(G-/0AC-$E35$B(i(G7F058'?$'\-&-•A-&-‚D
1.2.4 Đèn LED
gA$9„ /$$$$0FV-8Ž/H5$S'@3/hH--5$S-8
*?'(/%/$/o0O$Db$S=5$S5=R--G3O0,
C*S$:F‰H0O$'y'A#$C*S$:F‰H0O$D
`"cvvvvv (/

Hoạt động của LED
qS$:F‰H0O$'-l/$E3H…(S&F0/5$BQ-F=P[*$y'A#$
*S$:F‰g-l/--5$BL&F0hN--H…(S-8Y3=#-3K5C
*39-%/*S$DkH<-*S$'HO$4[--5$BLg5$BQ-\h,*S$
-3)%/Dq9@3?H*S$'Q-5$B\g$93MH…(SAF=,/5$BLh(0
*$*S$Q-5$BF=Pg$93M5$BLAF=,/H…(ShD
:$[$#$/$:[I$9'$'C%S5$BL:;H…(S3<A*$-<$9
HO$Z/3<-8Y3=#*9R'A#$/3O0--3[L(36/D
3(N-8)$?$'8H=RF=#$FO%g/--:l-YO5$B,
-8:=#-%8Z58hD

kV0l-H=R$?$'8-/0/G':=#-%8%'(/
*-/3gl-3%„- /%•*-/3hDl-H=RgA3%„- /h
00'M3C-A0-G3(<-H=R /--3[L-G:F‰D
"#$--=35$)c%H#5C:E-/0AQ$[3S5$BVF5=R-l
FM(C(W$([--HŽA&-c:?@3?-00$(>$:?@3/:05oo-–
H#5IO$--:$)@3?-0GH#([5=>-/0S-BS5—$/0+:$)
-†F‰A--%?'j*-=:?-O-€5$BL:?BS$>f?˜$
:?-l*8/BSY9'&5Cv
1.2.5 Thạch anh điện tử
G3O0cHCH0O$H$*$BHŒ:Œ$)5O-/5=R-$'“A
-QY-D
I-QcH$*$BO-/A$B-F&/([$B3l'5$BD$B3l-8
Q34;-Dq$'C5$B'A0I /O-/8%•:;:$9FOD=R-
HO$*$O0%l-y'A0:EI588%•'(/5$B'DC5I-Q@3/(1 /$
)O-/H93-5C:Œ--FO-P1-59-<g\/%8=#-DDDh
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A0$)O-/N-<%•O0(/C5$B'F/05C-8Z%S=P5=PA#$
l-5C-5CA0-<D
1.2.6 Điện trở
$B(i H  CH$*$B5$BL M 5C  (0
O-5$B5=R-*s$B3A#$-€D8H5O$H=RA4Hs5I-(=-0Q-G-?(i
F65$B /CA4)F‰5$B
$B(i-8H0O$-Q
•$B(icH--H0O$5$B(i-8-+%3G(3:NA7/H--5$B(i
-†-0'y'--F65$B75$@3/D
•$B(i-+%3GcH--5$B(iFk(0--O-5$BL-8F65$BH#
5$@3//8$--*---5$B(i*$O-0O5C%•O0(/CH=R$B
*H#DQAN9-<5=R--G3O0[,--A4H$B3-;3$BD
1.2.7 Transistor C1815

G3O0c(/%$%0(HCH$ *$B:F‰o--
$E:F‰O'-GpYV*• /3kV0(N&
/$E'A$E/-8H0O$-G3(<-5$)NppAp5)O0(/-G3(<-
=>$/'FM--'=P''=c'=P''R'*$'=P''*39-
'=P''V'$/Y$v
3[Hs0O5Cc3S-0(/%$%0(HA$B-/'?$-3-G'-0---&- /
8C5$B'C-$E3Q-R'DkV05$B'5IA0---&-(/•$0H
A$B-i---95C*-/3D
8:/-95CHA$B--Q /(/%$%0(Hc-95C*39-5O$-95C:W06/-9
5C-„F6D
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','(" !$3$+4 &'
D`P5o3[HsO-@3yHVF5P
D`P5oO-$
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Dr3[Hsc
(0%P5o-</Fk'ZE^`5):$)3F$KO-@3yHVF
™
™-30($F$V3*$Vr%/F/HVA//F/
™
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™/V-/-
0A 'š•• ™/'0(
0A 'š•• ™/'0(
0A 'š•• ™/'0(
0A 'rš•• ™/'0(™
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H00'cH-/HH FVH/ ™0$-30($-0FVH/

 -H( - ™H/-0:$›
 0A /' ™-3V0$F3'A/0^
 (H- / ™Y0/0$F3/$^%/(/$:$
 0A '/ ™-3V0$F3^(/'0(
0A /' ™-3V0$F3'A/0^
(H- / ™Y0/0$F3/$^%/(/$:$
0A '/ ™-3V0$F3^(/'0(
0A /'r ™Y0/0$F3'
(H- /
0A 'r/
0A/' ™Y0/0$F3'r
(H-/
0A'/
- H00' ™3-$V$V'*$›
™F$V3*$V/F/
H00'cH-/HH FVH/ ™0$-30($-0FVH/
%V: - ™H/-0:$›
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