NGO

VAN

DOANH

- VU

QUANG

THBEN

PHONG T U C
CAC DAN T 6 C
DONG NAM A

NHA

XUAT BAN

VAN

Ha N6i-

HOA

1997

DAN

TOC

CUNG BAN DOC

TO nhi§u nam nay chung t6i da quan t4m t6i vi^c siTu t ^ m
nhiing tU li§u viet v§ phong tyc tniyfen th6'ng cua cac dfin t^c
Dong Nam A. Chiing t6i da it nhifeu c6ng b6' trfen bao chi va
m6t s6' cu6'n sach da xui't ban v§ cac nUdc D6ng Nam A. Cu6'n
sach "Phong tuc cac ddn tdc Ddng Nam A", dang c6 trong tay
ban, la k§'t qua cua m6t qua trinh gom g6p thu nhSt ma chiing
t6i da ti§'n hanh m6i khi c6 djp ti§p xiic vdi cac c6ng trinh
nghi&n ciiu, khao ta cac th&' h6 hpc gia, cac nha chiic trach va
cac khach du Ijch Au chau va ban dja c6ng b6' tiJt dJIu th&' ky
19 den nay.
Thu luqJm, gom gop nhung chac c h i n day mdi chi la m6t
ph^an it 61 trong v6 van nhiing phong tuc la ky ha'p dan ciia
cac dan t6c song tren manh da't Ddng Nam A. MOt cu<>c t|lp
hdp day du, chiing toi nghi, la khdng the thUc hi§n dUdc. Bcii
vi, nhu ban thay, Dong Nam A la mpt the gidi r6ng Idn trai
tic cac dudng bi§n gidi An Do, Trung Quoc xuong mai cac hon
dao thuOc New Zealand va can ke vdi Australia. D6ng Nam A
bao gom 10 qu6'c gia. M6i quS'c gia lai la dia ban sinh ty ciia
nhieu dan tdc, c6 khi vUdt con so 100. M6i dan t6c lai thUc
hanh he phong tuc truyen th6ng ri&ng.
Co hi&n tudng nhu vay bcfi vi m6i dan t6c chi§'m m6t vung
lanh t h ^ ri§ng - hoac ben sUcJn niii Himalaya, hoac tr§n mOt
hon dao gitfa dai dUdng bon bfe song v6, hoac giila vung cao
nguy§n bat ngat, hoac giila vung chau thS chkng chjt k&nh
KV - K V l
VHDT - 97


5


r^ch
m6i dan tOc c6 nhdng phi/dng thifc sinh hoat kinh t§'
ri§ng, tife'n hoa trong nhiing hoan canh rifeng, va do v|ly d
nhting thang Mc nha't djnh tr&n nhiing neo dudng ti§n hoa da
dang nhfeu ph^n doan cua nhSn loai. Trong hoan canh do thi
khac bifet, hay noi each khac, s\i phong phvi da dang la m^t
dac trUng nd'i bat trong vSn hoa D6ng Nam A n6i chung va
trong phong tuc D6ng Nam A noi ri§ng. Co nhiing din t^c
theo Phat giao t6n thd Tam Bao, thang nam ngUcJi ngiTdi lo tu
nhan tich ditc. Co dan tdc theo Hbi giao t6n thcJ da'ng Alia md
ca dcJi CO chuyS'n di tham La Mec. Lai c6 nhii&u din t6c chim
trong nhilng tin ngudng nguy§n thuy, tin vao site manh v6
bifen cua mudn loai h"6n qui tKan ma.
Phong tuc D6ng Nam A mu6n mau mu6n sic. No khac bi^t
tur t6c ngucJi nay sang tdc ngudi khac. No khac bi^t tijf trong
16'i thi^c hanh, d§'n each If giai, bi§'u tUdng va muc dich . C6
dan t^c t6 chU'c nhiing cu6c d6t kich sang cac lang b§n canh
d^ san d&u ngudi va nhdng chife'c rfau lau "san du^c" dUdc d^t
thanh hang tr§n nhiing chi§'c coc d goc rufng ; c6 dan t6c giS't
cho de nla t6i loan luan; c6 dan tOc thvCa nh^n hanh d^ng bao
thu den ddi thii ba'y, c6 dan t^c chu trong kifeng khem khi
ngUcJi phu na mang thai, dat t&n con theo nhang each thilc la
ky, CO dan t6c coi sinh d6i la dffeu dang sd, sinh mOt trai mOt
gai lai dang sd hdn vi ho cho rang hai tre da "k^t hdn" (va do
do mac t6i loan luan) tiif trong long me, c6 dan t^c ca rang,
xam minh; c6 dan t6c d trkn, dong kh6'; c6 dan t6c cao troc

d&u, lai CO dan t6c biii toe; ed dan t^e phan x\ dung sai bkng
each cho hai b6n tranh kifen cung Ian xu6'ng nUdc xem ai chju
lan lau hdn, hoac cung nhung tay vao chi ndng chay xem ai
khfing bi bong...
Phong tuc D6ng Nam A, mu6n mau sic. Va ban chic se
khdng that vpng khi gid ttfng trang, tifng trang cua eu6'n sach

Phong tuc cac d&n tdc Ddng Nam A dliy dan nay - cho du b^n
la ngudi eo tinh hi§'u ky
D6ng Nam A la da dang - Van hoa D6ng Nam A la da dangPhong tuc D6ng Nam A la phong phu. Nhung D6ng Nam A,
van hoa D6ng Nam A, phong tuc D6ng Nam A cung lu6n thd'ng
nha't. Va "Thong nha't trong da dang" la ban cha't dac tnrng
cua Dong Nam A.
Co nhif vay bdi vi triTdc h^t D6ng Nam A la m6t khu vUc
Ijch sil van hoa. No da la m6t khu vUc van hoa va dang phat
trien d&' hoan thi§n ki tit hang chuc van nam nay, mac du
thuat ngiJ D6ng Nam A (Southeast Asia) chi xua't hien fan rfau
trong chife'n tranh th6' gidi thit hai vdi tu each la m6t thuat
ngd quan sU. La m6t khu viXc lich sii van hoa, D6ng Nam A
CO the dirpc coi nhif mOt "th&' gidi" ri&ng, bfen canh hai "thfe'
gidi" Idn Trung Hoa va An D6. No bao ham m6t phiic hdp dja
ly gom bi§'n - d6ng bang - rtjfng nhifet ddi, cung m6t chfe' dO
gio mua theo do t6't tUdi mdt qii^n thi thuc vat va quan tu
m6t quan thi ddng vat rifeng. No la th&' gidi cua Ida nude, la
m6t trong nhilng trung tarn sinh s6'ng cua ngudi c6, va nhtfng
truyfen thong van hoa khao e6 hpc tUdng d6'i nha't quan txl thdi
dai do da cu qua cac thdi dai kim khi, ma nhang dac tnrng
de nhan tha'y la m6t truyfen thd'ng ch6' tac da g6c song song
phat tri^n cung "truyfen thong euoi", m^t sU hi^n dien deu khap
cua cac cong cu da Hoa Binh, mot s\i lan toa r^ng rai cua

trong d6ng g6'c gac Dong Sdn va m^t n§n Van Minh lua nUdc.
Khi bade vao ngudng ciJfa van minh, m?)t vai d i n t6c 6 D6ng
Nam A ti§p thu van h6a Trung Hoa trong khi hHu h§'t cac dan
t6c tiip thu cac sic thai ciia van hoa An D^. Va Ijch sd ti&'p
dien ngdt hai ngan nam sau dd la Ijch sur cua nhOng sU hoa
tr6n nhuan nhj cac tin ngUdng t6n giao ban dja va tin ngUdng
t6n giao An - Hoa, Ai d&n hinh thanh n§n nhdng n§n van hoa
dan t^c doc l|lp mang sic thai chung cua toan khu vUc.
7


Di§u k i ^ n thiSn nhifen vk tife'n t r i n h Ijch suf ro r^ng da hun
due nfen ban s^c ehung cua vSn hoa eae dan t6c oi D6ng N a m
A - MOt each ehung ehung nh^t, v§ t i n ngudng vat l i n h va tue
thd eung t6' ti&n la n h i l n g thd' t 6 n giao ban dja da hoa t r ^ n
qua thue hanh nghi l l - vko t r o n g cac t 6 n gido ngoai nh^p t i i
An

D6 va T r u n g Hoa. Chung mOt fan nila lai t r ^ n vdi t i n

ngu3ng n6ng nghifep - dSc bi&t cua ngudi t r b n g lua nude - di
h i n h thanhrifen m^t chu k i l l h^i Ph^t giao vfe cSn ban phii
hQlp vdi chu k i canh tac, tiir dau mua d§'n gieo t r 6 n g va t h u
hoach. N h i l n g tUdng dbng rifeng giCa m^t vai dan t6c eung c6
t h ^ nhan ra, v l nhtf ddng kh6', x a m m i n h , an trau... Rifeng vfe
tuc an t r a u t h i c6 6 ragi ndi. Ngudi V i ^ t n6'i tife'ng t r o n g tyc
an t r a u . Ngudi Myanma kh6ng thua kem. Ngay txl thdi Pagan
(1044-1287) d Myanma, ngudi ta da d j n h gia qua eau rft cy

boi toan, Ifen d6ng ...Du m6i ndi c6 n h i i n g net rieng, cdc tyc

do van gdi v& nhUng coi ngudn ehung nao do.
Cac phong tuc do dong thdi eung giup cho cac nha khoa
hoe thu^c cac l i n h vUc lich sii; van hoa, t 6 n giao, xa hdi hpe,
dan t6c hpc... k h i ho tien hanh cac c6ng t r i n h nghien ei!u c6
lifen quan. Chung eung cap nhOfng h i n h anh c6 th§' la su phan
ehifeu CO sai 16ch nhUng sU that l i c h siJ" v6'n khdng con tiSn tai
n<3a. Chung ve n&n vai mang t r a n h v§ xa hdi. Tut luat tye, tiit
cac md'i quan h^ h6n nhan gia d i n h , tOt each t h i i c x d kifen, ttjt
nhUng chu ky l l hdi va nhUng quan ni§m g^n vdi n h i l n g thuc
hanh n g h i l l tdn giao... ta c6 the mUdng tUdng ra t r i n h d6
phat t r i l n , t r i n h dp tU duy, cae md'i quan h6 l i n g x i i giila eon
ngudi vdi mdi t r u d n g va giUa n h i l n g eon ngudi vdi nhau v.v...

chiee h6p difng t i ^ u tuy theo ph^m ca'p dja vj xa hOi cua chti

Phong tyc torn lai phdi bay nhUng gi?i y. Va neu nhu tijf
nhtlng gdi y, nha nghi§n cviu di t d i m o t ket qua khoa hpc gia
t r j ba't ky nao t h i do eung da la m6t phan t h u d n g cho nhUng
e6' gang cua ehung t o i , nhUng ngUdi eung ca'p t u li&u "thd s6'ng".

ma dudc chfe' t^o tiit cha't l i ^ u khdc nhau, dude t r a n g hoang theo

Muc dich td'i cao eiia ehung t d i , tuy nhi&n, la dem lai nhUng

th§' va eau lu6n la m^t thif hang hoa c6 gia t r j . M 6 i vj dai
quan dfeu c6 mOt ke theo h'au chuy§n b§ h6p dyng t r a u . N h i i n g

ki^u each khac nhau^ngudi Inddn&xia cOng v$y.
C6 thi


phut giay t h u gian cho ddng dao ban doc - dii ban la hoc t r o ,

ki them bi^t bao sU tifdng d6ng khae ntfa. M 6 t v i

du: ngudi Kachin d Myanma thudng t6 chtic Ik dam t r a u , gi6'ng
nhu

m6t s6 dan toe Tay Nguyfen cua V i ^ t Nam. V i du khae:

ngudi Naga d Myanma va A n

eung gid'ng nhu ngudi Oa d

canh bien gidi T r u n g Qu6'c va ngudi Dayak d Inddn&xia dilu
thuc hanh tic sU san dau - R6i ngudi San d Myanma cOng xam
m i n h gi6'ng n h u ngUdi Vi6t; ngudi Mife'n. K6i t u bui toe

cao

troc dau, dong kh6', deo vong d chan, d tay, d c6. Rbi t u ea
rang, r 6 i n h t l n g each thife t h i i t6i...K6i vi§e ngUdi ta eSt rd'n
tre eon bang nhiJng eon "dao" bang t r e bkng nvia; r ^ i ngudi ta
kieng khem t r e dep t r e x i n h , t h i c h goi ten t r e la "eun" la nhiJng

la ngudi t a i x&', la ngUdi ndi t r d , la ehu doanh nghi§p, hay tham
chi la m d t chinh gia. Sau nhUng gid hoc t^p lao ddng cSng
thang, t r o n g tay cuo'n "Phong

tuc cac dan tdc Ddng Nam


chac chan ban se dUde thay doi khdng k h i , thay doi moi trUdng,
ban se tarn thoat ra khdi nhUng vUdng ban do hoat ddng soi
noi cua nen k i n h tS' th) trUdng mang l a i , de di t d i nhUng mfen
da't la, chi&m ngudng nhUng phong tuc la, nhUng phong tyc
c6, nh\3ng chuy&n "ky eye", khd t i n .
La, c6, ky cue - tuy nhi§n - khdng chac da hoan toan nhU
vay . TOt n h i l n g phong tuc c6 a'y, do day, bife't dau ban thtfy lai
chinh m i n h .

eon vat xa'u x i d^ ma khdng t h e m doai hoai^ kh6ng mud'n "b4t"

Ha Ndi, thdng 5 - 1997

di; f o i bua, r o i ngai,r6i nhiJngchuyen ma ea r6ng, nhUngehuy^n

CAC TAC GIA

8

A",

9


KIENG
Khong
nhOfng

I
Cljr


- SINK N 6

m o t d a n toe nao t r e n t h e g i d i l a i k h o n g ed

tuc kieng

ciJ do'i v d i n g i f d i p h u ni? k h i s i n h

nd. T u c m 6 i ntfi,
c h u n g la n h a m

m d i dkn

t6c m 6 t khac,

tufu

m u c d i c h d a m bao c h o me t r o n con

v u d n g . M o i d a n toe d D 6 n g N a m A
ci3 r i e n g

nhiTng

d e u cd t u c k i e n g

d o i v d i v i ^ c s i n h de cua p h u nvJ. Cac t u c

k i e n g c i f S'y rS't p h o n g p h i i , da d a n g n h i f t i g l a i cd m o t

cai

gi do r a t c h u n g

cho ca k h u vxfc. H y

vgng r^ng

b a n doe se p h ^ n nao t u r u t r a n h i J n g d i e u bo i c h c h o
minh

sau k h i doc n h i J n g t r a n g t i r li§u d i f d i day ciia

c h u n g t d i ve k i e n g c i l dd'i v d i n g i f d i p h u nvJ k h i s i n h
nd.

d ngtfofi C h a m
Khi

cd m a n g ,

ngtrdi p h u niJ C h a m

khong

dam an

d u d u b d i sa c o n m i n h se cd k h u o n m a t k h d ifa, k h o n g
a n chud'i h d t , k h d n g n g b i d Idi cufa r a vao v i sg t a m a
lam


c o n d a u y§'u. P h u n i l C h a m

d Chau

Doc

(Viet
11


Nam) choang khSn k h d n g bu6c chat xu6'ng c6', v i sc;
sinh con bj nhau qua'n c6.
K h i ngvf&i p h u niJ chuy&'n da, gia d i n h mang 11 di

l i Cling. L i vat gbm ga, chuo'i, diiTa, x6i banh i t va hoa.
Ho hang, ba con ciing t d i d u , dem qua tang be. Sau
11 nay, be c h i n h thiJc la t h a n h vien cua dong ho.

mc/i ngifcfi dg'n lam le ciing m u . Db 1§ gbm vuong vai

d ngifcfi Hmong

trang to bang cai k h a n cua ngtfdi Cham, m6t chen gao,
mot cay den sap, t r a u va rifcfu. Ba dd cat nhau bang
dao hay manh

cat t r e . Nhau difdc dem ch6n

trong


khu6n vien nha.
Sau

k h i sinh nd ngifdi me dtfoc tay ue bang Ida

trong vong mot tuan, goi la "nam luTa Idn".
Trong thdi gian san p h u kieng ciJ, ngifcfi nha dot
mot d6'ng lufa cf giiJa san de ba con hang xom biet la
t r o n g nha c6 ngiTdi de. Trifdc san nha ngirdi ta ch6n
mbt cay coc, che dau coc ra, va cho mot que cui da
chay hfe't vao dd. Dau coc duoc htfdng vao trong, neu
diia tre vOfa sinh la con gai, va hiXdng ra ngoai neu la
con t r a i , v i rang con gai se d nha, con con t r a i se

Theo quan niem cua ngifdi Hmong, moi diia t r e deu
do ba m u tao t h a n h . V i the, ba ngay dku sau k h i lot
long, dita tre v l n con thuoc ve the gidi l i n h h b n . Neu
diJa tre chet t r o n g t h d i gian nay t h i khdng phai lam
tang l i .
Ngay t h i i ba ngifdi bo' mdi mot ngifdi cd tudi t d i
lam l i cam On ba m u , va mdi hbn diia be ve d han
t r o n g t h a n xac nd. Db dang ciing gbm hai con ga. M u c
dich cua le ciing la n h a n diia be vao the gidi cua con
ngifdi va vao dong ho cua ngifdi bb. Trong l i nay diJa
be difcfc dat t§n, va difcfc gidi thieu cho cac ma nha
de cac ma nha bao ve nd khdi moi dieu xau.

theo vg ve nha vd. Ngifdi ngoai tha'y nhiJng dau hieu


Ngifdi me sinh con ngay t r o n g phong ngu cua hai

do t h i phai can t h a n . Dae biet, nhiJng p h u ni3 dang

vcf chbng. K h i dd k h b n g mdt ai dtfcfc cd mat d day triif

CO k i n h nguyet va nhiJng ngifdi cd mot c h i i n g benh

ba dd va ngifdi chbng. Ngifdi chbng chi la ngifdi p h u

nao dd tuyet doi khong dugc vao nha ngudi de de t r a n h

giiip cho vcf k h i s i n h de. Ngifdi vcf ngbi xbm, dat hai

nhiJng dieu khong may dbi vdi ngifdi me va dita con.

chan len hai chiec ghe, taa lifng vao ngifdi chbng, va

0 Chau Db'c, con cd tuc cang chiec liTdi danh ca t r e n

khoac len mot t a m chan. Dda be rai xubng t a m dan

giifdng hai me con d§ ngan ma quy.

mem. T a m dan vCfa dd diJa be, viia lam cho nd bat

K h i t r e day thang, ngifdi Cham lam l i ciing v i than
cua dong ho de bao cho than biet ve sU xuKt hien mot
thanh vien mdi cua dong ho. M o t v i th'ay ciing - thay
CO ke - hoac mot ba dong ba bdng- difcfc mdi t d i lam


12

t i e n g khdc.
Ngifdi bo dung m a n h cat tre cat rd'n cho con. Neu
la con t r a i , cai nhau dtfcfc chdn d nen nha phia dong,
ngay chan chiec cot c h i n h ^ n chb t h d ma. M u la

13


con gai, nhau difdc ch6n ngay xu6'ng difdi ch6 ma no
cSft tiSng khoc chao ddi.

b6n canh nha d§' de. Phu niJ cd chbng dang hoang t h i

Sau k h i s i n h , ngtfdi me phai n ^ m g&n bep lura c h i n h

s i n h de ngay tai budng ngu ciia m i n h vdi six giup dd

k h d n g dvTcfc de tai nha ma phai ra chi§'c r§u vita d\Xng

suot ba ngay roi mdi difcfc vao phong ngii, va su6't hai

cua me de va me chbng. Vao mot ngay lanh, viec di?a

mxiai ngay, k h o n g diftfc an gi khac ngoai ccfm vdi t h j t

be ra ddi dxidc ghi vao "sd dang ky ciia cac ma", de


ga. NgiTcfi H m o n g cho r i n g t h i t ga giup san p h u chdng

cac

hoi phuc.

d i n h . Sau dd, diia be dtfdc dem ra ngoai " n h i n t r d i " ,

Sau m6t thang, ngUcfi me c6 thi ra nifcmg lam vi§c
va s i n h boat va chbng b i n h thifcfng.

ma biS't la da cd t h e m mdt ngirdi mdi trong gia

ham y !«£ diJa be va ngifdi me, qua dd, sach se. M d t
cai da'u kieng lam bang tre diTcfc treo 16n canh cuTa
nha, bao cho ngifdi la dOfng vao nha vi ho cd the lam
cho diia be scf hai.

d ngiTori Mifen

B6i

NgUdi Mi&'n t i r i r i n g , t r o n g su6't thcfi gian ngifcfi phu

vdi

ngLfdi

Mi6'n, sau k h i s i n h con, ngtfdi


difcrc CO xat than thi

me

bang nghg. M d t dd'ng luTa diXtfc

nCf CO t h a i , hbn cua d\ia tre chvTa ciT ngu tai bao t h a i ,

dd't len t h a t ^ n nha, t r o n g k h i dd, ngUdi me lai cha't

ma lang t h a n g ch6 nao do, t u y thu6c vao thang t r o n g

l§n ngvrdi bao nhi§u chan. Ba dd khin

nam:

thd- thud'c xanh cho ngifdi me, va ngU&i me se d u n g

t h a n g gieng va thang bay, d quanh cuTa nha;

t h a n g hai va t h a n g tam, or b§'p; t h a n g ba va thang
c h i n , d c6'i gia gao vao coi xay ng6; t h a n g tif va thang
mtrcfi, d n'fen nha g^n ban t h d ; t h a n g nSm va thang
macfi m6t, a t r o n g ca thi

ngiJcfi me; t h a n g sau va thang

mvfcfi hai, d tai giudng ngtfdi me.
C h i n h vi thg", ngtfcfi M i e n kieng cOT va g i i l gin
cho ngifcfi me khfing bi siy


di

t h a i , diia be khdng bj di

nen vao cuTa va c6'i gia, kh6ng danh dd' niTdc vao bfi'p,
k h o n g birdc vao phong ngii ciia ngirdi phu n i l c6 mang
vi scf lam cho hbn cua diJa be chifa sinh cd th§' scf hai
bo d i .

14

thud'c nay lign tuc trong 7 ngay. Dd la th\i thud'c dan
gian ma t h a n h p h ^ n va each pha chg' khdng difcfc vig't
t r o n g sach, chi difcfc t r u y ^ n k h ^ u tijf dcfi nay qua d&i
khac. K h i pha chi

thud'c, k y nhat la de canh dan dng

n h d m ngd. T h d i gian sau k h i de, ngvTdi me con dxigc

dang. Vi du, ho khong dung dao ho§c ba't ky vat gi

M 6 t c6

triTcfng pha che

gai khdng qua hdn l i ma mang thai t h i

stfcri a'm bang ok-pu. Ok-pu la vien gach h i n h t r o n hay

hinh

t h o i , n u n g cho ndng rile, tha

thoang chd'c, vdt ra, boc

vao nifdc t r o n g

vai, rbi ap sat vao ca

the

ngtfdi me. NgiTdi ta cung lay cay Sa-mon-net, thai ra,
sao vang t r o n g nbi da't, r b i dem tan, nan thanh

cac

vi§n nhd. NgUdi me phai t h u d n g xuyen nguri cac vien
sa-mon-net dd.
Bin

ngay th\i 7 sau k h i sinh con, ngUdi me tOf d"au
15


t r d xu6'ng t r u m k i n bang chan, ducrc "x6ng" n ^ i t r 6 n
mi§ng nbi nifdc b6'c hcfi ma t r o n g nbi la la me cung
m6t s6' la cky khac.
NgiTcri me chi dtfcfc Sn d6 na'u c h i n nong, t h j t ga,


dd phai bdi xem con vkt nao gSy cho ngvTdi p h u m l
de kho. Lap tdc, con vat dd bi gi§'t ngay. Con n6u mdt
con ma nao do can t r d t h i phai lam 11 d l c^u x i n ma
tha cho.

cam va rxxau nep, va t r o n g mircfi ngay d^u sau k h i

Sau k h i s i n h nd, san phu phai ng6i b&n luTa ba ngay

sinh, khong diTcfc i n cac loai rau, du da dUcJc n^'u chin,

l i ^ n r b i m d i dvcgc vao phong m i n h . T r o n g ba ngay do,

thang dku sau k h i sinh khdng difcfc lam vigc n^ng hay

san p h u k h d n g dam n ^ m , v i scf mau se don I§n d&u

d^n nha ngtrcfi khac. M6t I6'i cuTa ducfc md tOf tifcfng

gay chet ngirdi; ddng t h d i lu6n a'p hdn da dot nong

phong ngii cua san p h u d§' san p h u kh6ng di qua lai

hoc t r o n g manh vai vao bung. T r o n g sud't thdi ky kigng

cua c h i n h cua nha t r o n g thdi gian kieng cvl.

cil, san p h u chi dtfcfc an ccfm vdi t h i t ga. De bao v§
ngifdi me va dxia con khoi cac ma ac, mdt chiec gui
deo dxxac treo up canh ciia cung mdt con dao to.


d ngirdri Ka-ren
L y tudrng nhat d6'i vdi ngudi p h u n i l Ka-ren (d Thai
Lan va My-an-ma) la dUcfc de tai nha m i n h vdi str giup
dd cua me, chbng va mot vai ngUdi thSn. Liic chuyen
da, ngudi p h u n i l phai ngbi xd'm, bam tay vao chi^'c
day thOfng bu6c vao xa nha. NhiJng ngUdi c6 mfit xoa
bung ngirdi p h u n i l , giiip cho de d l .
K h i dda tre lot long me, no difcfc cAt r6'n bSng mdt
manh cat tre tifdi. Nhau diTcfc gdi t r o n g manh vai rbi
cho vao 6ng tre. Ngifdi bd treo cai 6'ng nhau do l§n
canh cay d trUdc lang hoac chon ngay difdi chan

c^u

thang len nha. Phu ni? Ka-ren ra't stf moi phien phvJc
trong liic sinh nd, vi nhiJng phien phi?c di gay ra cai
ch^t cho ho. Bdi vay, t r o n g nhiJng t r i f d n g hcfp kho de,
ngUdi ta mdi ba dd den n ^ n cai thai cho thuSn. PhifcJng

San p h u sinh dUdc mdt ngay, mdt dng t h ^ y mo dUcfc
mdi dg'n. T h ^ y doc t h ^ n chii, va tvfdi "nvfdc rxka" I6n
ngtfdi san p h u . Sau dd, ngUdi chbng, hoSc bd, budc scfi
chi t r ^ n g vao cd san p h u di ngCfa bSnh tat, lo au. Hai
ba ngay sau, san phu gdi bi&'u ba dd mdt con ga, mdt
chai T\xau, mdt chuoi hat va mdt i t hat keo.
Ba dd cho hat keo vao nifdc de gdi di^u. Nhir vSy
la ba da t ^ y sach moi u&' tap k h i dd de.
M d t ngay sau k h i sinh, ngifdi me nhai ccfm vdi mud'i
va nvrdc mdm cho con nhir mdt n g h i thiJc nudi na'ng.

K h i rd'n k h d , diJa be diTcfc budc c h i cd' tay, difcfc deo
vao c6 n h i l n g vign da nho d§' cd s\ic khoe td't. M d t
t h a n g sau, cha me dat t6n cho con. TCf dd, diJa be
khdng con la k h i nila, ma da t h a n h ngtfdi.

phap ma thuat cd the duac sur dung la te "nxSdc ruTa"

N6u t r o n g mdt vai ngay sau k h i sinh ma dda be b}

l§n ngUdi p h u n i l . Neu te nudc k h d n g cd tac dung, ba

dm, ngudi bd phai den ch& treo hoac chdn cai nhau

16

JUil.^JUl^^
ri ' J

y': E M

17


d§' goi hbn 6\ia be trd vfe nhdp vao xac. N&'u sau hai
txikn dxia be mdi bi dm t h i cha me phai mua lai hbn
con minh tOf cac ma bang 11 cung m6t con ga.

d ngirori La-hu
Ngtr&i La-hu id Thai Lan, Lao...) kh6ng c6 nhieu
ki§ng cv? trong ch&' d6 an u6'ng d6'i vdi ngtfdi phu n i l

CO thai. Nhifng r§'t nhil&u phu n i l mang thai thich an
m6t loai da't set kha ph6 bi&'n of khu vUc ho ctf tru.
Khi chuyin da, ngtfdi phu n i l quy trSn mdt chi^'c
chi§'u, tay c^m sdi day vai bu6c vao chi§'c rui nha thong
xu6'ng. M6t ngU'di phu nit cd tudi hoac ngifdi chbng dd
sau Ivfng, va xoa bung san phu de vi§c sinh nd ducfc
de dang.
Khi dxia be rdi xud'ng chifi'u, ngifdi givip dd bu6c va
cAi r6'n cho di?a be b^ng m6t mieng cat tre s^c. Chi
tr^ng hoac chi den mdi dUdc dung dS' bu6c rd'n. Theo
quan niem cua ngtfdi La-hu, chi do chi dUdc dung trong
cac le cung ma. N6u My chi do bu6c r6n cho dxia be,
ma se b^t no di.
R6'n con c^t xong, ngifdi cha dem nhau ch6n ngay
xuong dvfdi chan cdng nha. Phai giil sao cho siic vat
hoac sau bo khdng an ma't nhau. Neu nhau bi an, diia
be hay 6'm.
Gap trirdng hdp san phu sinh nd khd, ngifdi nha
phai mdi th^y tdi. Th&y tdi, dd't cay den sap ong len
rbi kha'n: "Hdi cac ma! Xin cac ma dOfng gay ra dibu
18

gi khfing hay. X i n hay ban phildc cho diJa be, cho no
s6'ng chi? dOfng b i t nd phai chg't".
Trong sudt mifdi hai ngay sau khi sinh, ngtfdi me
chi difdc an ccftn vdi t h i t ga. Phai la t h i t cua ga I6ng
den. Day la phong tuc tOf lau ddi. Hi&n nay, d ngifdi
La-hti, ga den trd n6n ra't hig'm. Trong moi trifdng hdp,
san phu khdng difdc an thjt ga 16ng t r i n g . San phu
phai mac quSn ao cu va nam b&n canh bg'p liJa, 6m

hon da ndng vao bung, de mau khdng bi d6ng lai. Chi
sau mifdi hai ngay kieng ciJ, san phu mdi trd lai sinh
boat binh thifdng.

d ngirofi A-kha
Trong thdi ky c6 mang, ngifdi phu niJ A-kha d Thai
Lan, Lao... phai tuan theo mdt loai ki§ng ciJ di bao
dam cho viec sinh nd de dang. Ngifdi va va ngifdi
chbng khong difcfc lam ba't cit dibu gi gibng nhiing viec
lam cua cac t h ^ mo, th^y bdi, thcf ren, vi nhiJng hanh
ddng "bat chudc" dd se lam dd"a tre trd nen di dang
hoac bi chet.
Liic chuy&'n da, ngifdi phu ni? phai ve nha me de.
Sau khi ra ddi, diJa tre chi difcfc nha'c ra khdi chi&'c
chieu sau khi nd da khdc ba Tan. Ngifdi A-kha cho
r i n g nht?ng tieng khdc dd se vang d&'n tai th'an A-poe
Mi-e th&n td'i thifdng. Nghe ti^'ng khdc, th^n se ban
phifdc va bao v6 cho diia be difoc khoe manh. Chi khi
do, ba dd mdi c^t rd'n va dat ten tam cho diia be di
cac ma khbng bat nd di.

19


d ngirdi L a o
K h i bu6c sai c h i l i n h thi§ng vao c6 tay d6i vd chbng
t r o n g bu6i l i t h a n h h6n cua ho, ngifcfi Lao chiic ho
hanh phuc, t h u y chung, dbng t h d i "sdm c6 con day
nha, chau d&y bubng".
D§' dieu chiic Sy t h a n h hi§n thiXc, ngay tiif k h i b ^ t


ngifcfi p h u n i l mang t h a i con kh6ng dUcfc den ^ n bep
lura chung cua ca gia d i n h Idn. M 6 t tu&n sau k h i sinh,
ngifcfi me phai den ben b6'p phia t r o n g (b§'p cua gia
d i n h nho) de "tSm" b i n g hai nong cua lura.
Ngifcfi Lao cho rSng cac loai ma ac hay t ^ p t u qua'y
pha ngan t r d vi6c s i n h ndr, v i the, t h ^ y phap phai t u n g
bai p h i i chu ga-tha p h a t - p h i xua duoi chiing. Th'Sy con

d&u mang thai, ngiTdi p h u n^3 Lao da nghiSm ngat t u ^ n

ngam nifdc thcfm p h u n nhieu f ^ n l§n ngifcfi san p h u .

t h u nhieu dieu ki§ng k y . K h 6 n g fin nhong, chuoi h o t

T r o n g nhieu trifcfng hgp, mac du da c6' g i n g hS't sifc,

me, ca dai de; neu kh6ng t h i k h i de, t u i oi mong ciJng

thay van khong giup difcfc viec sinh de t h a n h c6ng.

l§n, kho de va dvia con tUcfng lai se hay quSy pha,

K h i ay, t h ^ y tuyen bo rang bon ma ac k h b n g scf bai

n g h i c h nggm. GiSt vay, phai, chii y , sao cho phia gau

chu cua m i n h . Ngifcfi ta phai voi d i t i m t h ^ y sa-do,

cao hcfn phia cap, nhvf v^y, k h i de, dau diJa tre m d i


cao tay hctn. Th'ay t d i , trifdc t i e n thap n&'n va c&u k h ^ n

ra trifdc. D i difdng phai t r a n h bifdc qua thCfng trfiu,

siJc manh cua cac ong thby v l dai thcfi xtfa, r b i t u n g

day d^t ngUa, t h i diJa con mdi khong tham a n . K h i

ga-tha sa-do, bai c h i i c6 siJc manh - manh den miJc c6

d\X cac cu6c v u i , khdng t6 son t r a t phS'n, t r a n g diS'm

the gd difcfc ca nhiJng n i i t bu6c het siJc chat. TKSy

d§' khoi sinh ra di?a con kigu ngao.

md mieng ngifcfi san p h u , bat uong m6t vai giot nifdc

Ngifcfi Lao coi luTa la cha't t ^ y ruTa hieu nghiSm hcTn

thieng.

nifdc nhieu. Ngifdi Lao cho r ^ n g lura c6 the t ^ y sach

K h i diia tre ca't t i e n g khoc chao dcfi, mot ngifcfi cao

moi ufe' k h i cua ngifcfi p h u nOt t r o n g thcri gian c6 chuTa

tuSi, dang k i n h , t i f each mau mifc, difcfc m d i t d i lay


va k h i sinh n d . Do vky, tit k h i c6 chufa cho dg'n k h i

manh cat tre hay n\ia sac cat r o n cho be. T i n h each

sinh n d va nhi?ng ngay sau, ngifdi p h u n i l Lao phai

dda tre sau nay ra't c6 the giong t i n h each cua ngifdi

nSm ^ n dong lura. V i h i coi la ngifdi "bin", n§n ngifdi

cat r o n cho no. Cai nhau lien difcfc rura r b i xat muoi,

p h u n i l CO mang kh6ng difcfc d6ng d6'n cac dung cu

cho vao t r o n g mot 6'ng tre, dem ch6n difdi chan cau

gia d i n h cua ck gia d i n h Idn, trOf n h i i n g thif ma chbng,

t h a n g hay viJt t r b i theo dong nifdc.

con - tiJc gia dinh nho cua m i n h - thifcfng dung, khSng
dvfcfc phep tham gia vao cac c6ng vi6c chung cua gia
d i n h Idn cung nhif cac boat dfing xa h6i. Hcfn t h ^ nifa,
20

Thay \§iy cac scfi c h i den va nau, t u n g bai chii d§
truyen sifc manh l i n h t h i e n g cho chung, sau do, chap
hai loai c h i do l a i , bubo vao cd tay ngifdi san p h u va
21



bu6c vao c6 tay diJa tre. Do la nhiJng vong bua bao

sot lai d dia thxic dn, noi tig'p: "Be da di tr&n d^t, be

v6 hai me con, khig'n cac ma ac scf hai, khfing dam lai

da t h a n h mdt con ngUdi".

g&n, qufiy qua, lam hai.

K§' tCf dKy, difa be difdc coi la t h a n h vi§n c h i n h

M 6 t ba gia c^m cai nia difa qua ngon luTa. Ba diJng

t h ^ c cua c6ng dbng nhlkn loai.

d ngiXdng cvjfa, noi: "Ku k u , p h i phai, c h i i n g may mang
16't giS'ng c h i m d&m, h u y t k u k u . Hay cut d i . TOf nay,

d ngiTori Thai

diJa tre nay la cua c h i i n g tao". Ngif&i Lao coi p h i phai
la gi6'ng ma Sn cifdp tre con. B i n g hanh d6ng c6 t i n h

Theo t i n ngtfdng dkn

gian cua ngifdi


T h a i (Thai

ch^t n g h i thiJc tren, con ngifdi tuyen h6 quyfen sd hdn

Lan), mdt ngifdi, sinh ra, la do p h i (ma) tao n § n . Ma

d6'i vdi tre.

l^y da't set nan h i n h mdt em be giCtng m i n h r b i dat
vao b u n g ngifdi dan ba. V a th§' la ngiTdi dan ba do

T r o n g vong

m6t t h a n g dSu ti&n sau k h i sinh,

san p h u va dxia be ra't d l bj cac ma ac t d i gSy hai.

mang t h a i . Trong vong ba ngay sau k h i diJa be s i n h
ra, ma se den de xem diJa be. N§u tha'y difa be vSn

Vai chuc ngay d&u tidn goi la t h d i ky kham. K h i

con gid'ng m i n h t h i ma se b^t d i . Th6' la be chet. Ngtrdi

sSp het kham, t h ^ y t d i nha san p h u chuS'n bj cho san

T h a i cd cku t h a n h ngiJ ph6 big'n: "Ba ngay (diJa be)

phu m6t t h i i thuoc


la con cua ma, bd'n ngay la con cua ngiTdi" - nghia la,

sSc

ti3f r l cSy, giup d i n h

kinh

nguyet t r d lai. Thu6'c sSc t r o n g mot cai noi. Trgn mifeng

t r o n g ba ngay sau k h i dxia be sinh, di?a be cd thi

nbi phvi la chuoi. T r § n la chuoi lai bay di6u thu6'c,

va t r d t h a n h d^y t d cho ma, n§'u dfe'n ngay t h i i t i f diJa

mieng t r ^ u , cai d i n h va mSy bdng hoa, c6 tac

dung

be vhn sd'ng t h i no mdi la con cua ngifdi. Do do, ngifdi

lam tang hieu \\ic cua thu6'c. Sang h6m sau, san p h u

ta t i m each danh liia ma: dem ban ngay dda tre sa sinh

dUWc lam le tAm nia. Con diJa tre t h i qua m6t n g h i

cho mdt ngifdi nao do, di ma t i n nh^m rkng d\ia tre


thiJc bao vg. O dudi cku thang hay t r § n hien nha cd
dat nifdc th(Jm. M 6 t ba gia ISy nufdc do t § m cho diJa
tre. Ba cung chu^n b i sSn cai mang b § n g tre, dat t r o n g
mang cai dem c6, n^m dS't, dia db an va cai Itfcfc. TAm
xong cho diia tre, ba b§' no, dat chkn noi len da't d

chg't

k h d n g phai la con cua me no. De danh lijfa ma, ngifdi
T h a i con dat cho dda be nhiJng cai t § n xa'u x i nhif
Trau, Cho, Ech, B§... K h i nghe t § n be xS'u nhif vfiy,
ma se khong bat be, v i cho la be cung xau x i n h i f cai
ten cua no.

mang tre, noi: "Gihm chkn Ign c6, gilim chkn len da't,

D§' danh lifa ma, ngifdi Thai tien hanh n g h i t h d c

h6m nay ngay lanh, nay Ivfcfc cua be, nay giXOng cua

difcfc goi la tham k h u ^ n , liic diJa tre ba ngay tu6i va

be". Rbi ba gia ra cho di!a tre cai lifcfc cung d6 an con

dky thang.

22

23



K h i dircrc ba ngay tu6i, diJa tre duTcfc dat I6n t r 6 n

Vao dip nay, gia d i n h dita tre k h d n g bao gic; qu§n

nhe.

dang hiJcfng hoa ciing t h a n h6 menh ngu trong cai am

Ngifcfi ta c&u kha'n, t h ^ m t h i : "Ba ngay la con cua ma,

nho canh nha. Hifcfng hoa dat t r e n cai khay lam b i n g

bon ngay la con cua ngtfdi; diJa tre nay con ai, d&'n

t h a n cay chud'i.

m6t cai sang (hay met). Cai sang dung difa nhe

ma nhan la'y!". Mot ba gia hang xdm, chia dbng tien
ra, gia b6 dvfa cho ma de "mua" cua ma dda be cd cai
ten xa'u ma ma che kh6ng b i t d i . "DtfOc" tien rbi, ma
di. The' la dda be la con cua ngiTcfi.

dong nifdc chay, va, cung
mong cho

liic, ngLfcfi ta ndi Idi c^u

con ngUdi so'ng cuoc ddi thanh than,


mat

me nhvf dong n\idc t r o n g xanh.

T r o n g n g h i thiJc tren, vi sao lai chon m6t ba gia,
mat ba gia hang xom, chSng ho hang gi vdi ngtfcfi me
de diJa tre, lam "ngUdi mua"? Nguygn do thg' nay: Ngtfdi
Thai bi&'t " t i n h " ma: ma kh6ng mua ban diing dSn

Tdc dda tre, cat ra, dat t r o n g la sen, tha t r o i theo

bao

gicf. Ti§u het tien, no cd the lai t d i bit tre d i . Cd k h i ,
tiS'c re, nd cung tdi doi lai diJa tre. Nd nhd mSt ngtfdi
mua. V i the, nd se t i m den nha ba gia "mua" dda tre
no cua nd. Ta't nhi§n, d nha ba gia, kifi'm ca dem cung
k h d n g tha'y tre. Nd danh chju v^y.
Va, t r o n g n g h i thiJc t r e n , vi sao lai dung dvfa cai
sang? NgLTcfi ta khdng r u cho be ngu dau. NgUcfi ta
sang say, lam dong tac tach cai vd (trau) ra khdi hat
(gao). V6 la thxi v6 dung, cd the con la t h d xau. Hat,
la t i n h t u y , cai td't, cai can thi^'t. Con ngifdi, ngay tOf
khdi d&u, phai la chiing sinh t h u ^ n t6't.
Di?a tre dSy thang, ngirdi Thai lai t6 chiic le tham

Rieng chdm tdc d thdp diJa tre t h i khong cat,
phai de lai. V i , thdp la nai


ma

ra vao cua khuSn (hbn).

Sau do, diia tre difOc t l m goi bang nvfdc thieng va
bu6c sgi day thieng vao tay.
Chi sau nghi le nay, diia tre mdi thoat khoi vdng
nguy hiem cua cai chet. Nd c h i c song hctn. Nd difcfc
coi la ngiTdi thUc t h u . Va, tCr dd, nd mdi dixac

nkm

ndi.
Muo'n tre hay an chdng Idn, luc nao cung ndi cUdi,
ngudi Thai deo vao ngtfdi tre mot vai thd" bua bao ve.
Dd cd the la n h i l n g manh gia'y cd ghi n h i l n g dong chiJ
Pa-li, cuon lai, diit vao cai 6'ng chi nho. Qua mot n g h i
thdc cua vj phap sU hay cua mot nha sU, dng a'y t r d
nen l i n h thieng, cd tac dung bao ve tre trifdc moi ma
ac. O mien

t r u n g va nam Thai Lan, ngudi ta con cd

the lam cai h i n h duong vat nho, buoc vao mot soi day,

khua'n ba mUcfi ngay - nham t r a n h cho nd cac loai ma

rbi qua'n day quanh

ac. Bon ma nay rat t h i c h chui vao tdc tre. V i vay, vao


chay nhay chai dua, cai bua h i n h dUdng vat liic l i e ,

dip dky thang, fan d"au ti§n t r o n g dcfi, diia tre dtfOc
c i t tdc.
24

that

liTng d\ia tre. K h i diia tre

tirng t i m g , t r o n g nhtf that. CiJ" t r o n g thay cai

"con"

dang scf Sy la ma da khiep via k i n h hbn, chay xa.
25


hifdng xa'u d§'n diJa be s^p ra ddi...Ngoai ra, ngifbi p h u

d ngirdi C M n L a p

nOf D a i 4 c k h i mang thai con nhibu di^u ca'm ky khac

d x\i Chan Lap x\ia, tiic CSm-pu-chia ngay nay, k h i
vijfa s i n h con, ngvTdi san p h u Ifiy ccrtn nong iSn mu6'i,
rbi ^p vao cufa m i n h . Sau 24 gicf, k h i n^m ccfm Ifin
mu6'i diTdc bo ra, t h i , t h a t t h ^ n di6u, ngifdi san phu
CO the xud'ng s6ng \Am


nhtf m6t t h i ^ u nOf, v6 tif...

Va r b i , ki tCf do, s i n h hoat t i n h due cua ngifcfi me
mdi s i n h con lai tiep tuc b i n h thvfcfng nhvf kh6ng c6
chuyfen vijfa s i n h de vky. Theo ong Chu Dat Quan, s\i
tKan nha Nguyen c6ng can d Chan Lap vao cuoi the
ky X I I I , t h i p h u nvl x\i nay rS't da t i n h . Ho doi hoi
nhieu ve sinh ly, va khong the " n h j n " . . . sU an n^m
vdi chbng t d i dem thi? 11 ke tOf sau ngay sinh con.

nhU: k h d n g difcfc cho

ki§m vao bao

(n§u

khdng, diJa

tre se bi dil'c), khdng difcfc dap tn?ng (neu kh6ng, diia
tre se bj mu), khdng dxigc t r b n g chubi (neu
diJa tre se

to d^u), k h 6 n g difdc

khdng,

gifi't ddng vat

(neu


khbng, tre se quai d j ) , k h b n g dtfdc bdc v6 diia (cd the,
di?a tre mdi cd tdc)..., k h d n g ngbi or bac
che

cufa,

khong

cui (n6u lam t r a i , s i n h ncf se khd), khdng ducfc

gi§'t Icfn, r ^ n , ga va rubi, k h o n g dUcfc n h i n bdng m i n h
dvfdi nifdc, k h o n g dircfc di qua chb da x^y ra giet ngUdi
hoac cac con vat.
NhOTng dieu kieng ky t r e n cua ngifdi Dai-ac cung la
di^u

ki§ng

ky

ciia n g i f d i A n - b d n

va

ngudi

Nitas

(In-db-ne-xi-a). N^'u ngudi chbng hay vcf vi pham


chi mbt dieu t h i cung se xay ra bat hanh: diia tre

d ngKisi Dai-4c
d ngiTcfi Dai-ac (In-do-ne-xi-a), t r o n g t h d i gian ngtfcfi
va CO chura, ca vo

l a n chbng k h b n g dxigc chkm

hoac g&n lura (vi sg d\ia con

du

lura

s i n h ra c6 v6't nham),

hoac che't t r o n g bung me, hoac se bj tat nhvf nghoeo
CO, chan cong, mat lac...
T u y nhifen, "hau qua" k h d n g t o t cua viec vi pham

khong dvtgc an hoa qua va uong m6t so db ub'ng (d&'

nhiJng dieu ca'm ky cd the

con khoi mac

benh diTcfng r u b t ) , khbng dxxgc due

ngifdi p h u n i l s^p sinh nd vhn cd the dan gui, dan


16 vao cay (vi neu lam vay, diJa con se bi mu), kh6ng

chi^u, n6'u nhif cd mot p h u n i l khac lam hd n h i l n g

difdc ban Sling, vat quan ao, c^m

goi

thao tac d&u tiSn; va ngifdi chbng cd the lam vi&c ma

hang, khong dxxgc qua'n song, may quanh ngiTbi, kh6ng

le ra phai kieng ky "hb" vcf neu cd ngifdi khac t d i

difcfc

cac

chubi dao hay

lam

giiip. K h i vg m i n h mang t h a i , ngifdi chbng v^n cd the

tudng nha, khong diTcfc ghep van t h u y e n , khbng diTcfc

giet mot con vat nao d&y, txic la v i n cd the "vi pham"

dao hb. Ngifbi vcf kh6ng ducfc dan gui, dan chieu. Ta't


di'feu kieng k y , ma

ca nhiJng dibu t r e n , neu khfing diCdc t r a n h , se cd anh

k h d n g difgc "me t r d n con vudng", neu n h u gi&'t con vat

26

ddng d i n h v.v... Ngifbi chbng khdng difcfc

dirge khac phuc. Vf du,

k h d n g scf vg m i n h k h i sinh

nd

27


r b i , ngUcfi c h b n g gia b6 c h a y d i ch6

khac mot lat,

do quay trcT l a i , n d i : " L a n h i , ai gig't no t h e
Khong

chi

trifdc k h i


sinh

ma,

ngay

sau

nay

t r a n h nhCfng b§'t t r S c , t h i k h o n g n h u f n g n g i f d i va
ca

ngifcfi c h b n g

deu

phai

tuan theo n h i i n g quy

c u t h e . M o t so q u y d i n h , c h u n g cho n h i e u dan
In-do-ne-xi-a,
tac

nhiT: m d i ba

ma t h u a t


d5 den

lam mot

diJa be r u n g rb'n, k h i d i i a be 12 n g a y va 42 n g a y

?".

k h i sinh,

di
ma

djnh
toe cr

loat

dong

de g i i i p viec s i n h ncr dtrgc n h a n h ,

gon:

m d ta't ca h o m , t u , cura... c6 d t r o n g n h a , v i ng'u d o n g
kin,

se

can


t r d sU s i n h

nd.

Cung

vdi muc

dich

\\Xdi dao p h a i diTcfc r i i t k h o i c h u o i , cac c6 gai p h a i
cac

v o n g deo k h o i t a y , c h a n , c 6 . . . v a bo xoa

be l a 42 n g a y . T r o n g t h d i g i a n n a y p h a i l a m IS t§' k h i
C h i cac
tiy

ruTa n a y .

n h a n difcfc I b i b a n p h i f d c ciia t h l y t e . D i i a be ducfc deo
vao c h a n n h u f n g c h i e c v o n g c6 m a n g b u a
D&'n n g a y

xubng

kim


bang

loai, sau

diing mieng.

do, diTcfc cho

vao

v6 qua

ciia
cat

mang
tOrng

diia

bang

be
dao

dOfa, r b i dtrcJc

boc b a n g ba m i a . N e u t r e la t r a i , t h i hoc do difdc c h o n
of ben
ben


phai

trai.

Tai

cufa ra vao,
cho

chon

con

neu

tre

la gai

thi

chbn

n h a u , ngiTcfi t a d o t m o t

dong

lufa r b i diJng t a m m o t b a n t h d .
Sau


k h i d i i a be r a dcfi, t h i diJa be va, ca bo me

deu bj coi la b a n ,

can

dxxac riJa s a c h . T h b i k y hi

no,
coi

la ba'n ciia ngiTdi c h a la 3 ngay, ciia ngUcfi me va dita
28

ta

to

chiic

cho

dita

l l ba t h a n g " . T h o n g thuTbng, vao d i p IS n a y

be
dita


hpa.

Dbi vdi ngi/di Ba-li,

Nhau

ngubi

h a n h d§ t r u y e n cho diJa be s\ic m a n h va g i i i p no k h o i

p h u d a n g n a m sao cho

tre, nita, chit k h o n g

105,

be diXcfc d a t t e n . D b n g t h d i , n h i e u n g h i thiJc difcfc t i ^ ' n

la lay c h b i diifa n h i i n g n i f d c r b i treo

cat

cat

thi?

phep.

"ngay


lam m6t

g i o t nirdc n h o

g i a n t a y rUa, n g i f b i me

thao

tdc.

p h u n i l s i n h ncr di d a n g . M o t t r o n g n h i l n g viec

thdi

chua.

ay,

Ngifcri d a n dao Ba-H thxic h i e n n h i e u viec, g i i i p ngtfcfi

dMc

subt

n g h i thiJc

V a o n g a y thxi b b n miTcfi h a i sau k h i r a dcfi, d i i a be

d ngircri dan dao B a l i .


p h i a t r & n m a t ngiXdi san

Trong

k h o n g difcrc d e n d e n ,

moi tai

l a i h i e u qua n h a t

t h a y te dac b i e t m d i dUcfc l a m cac

tuoi.

k h i diJa be

n g h i IS t r o n g t h e

cho

dSy

t u d i , ngirdi

n o . H 6 m do, cha

ta
me,

ho h a n g m d i k h a c h , cac v u c 6 n g , n h a c c o n g den mijfng

vui. Nhan

"sinh nhat"

dau

t i f i n , be

dvfdc c a t

toe,

chi

d§' l a i m o t c h o m d t h o p . V a , c u n g c h i t d i h o m do, Tan
^ u

t i 6 n d i i a be

ngay

do, d i i a be

m d i difpc d a t c h a n x u o n g da't
l u o n difdc be

(trifdc

hoac d a t t r e n g i i f d n g ) .


N g i f d i t a c o n l a m n h i e u n g h i l i k h a c c i i n g t6 t i e n , te
than, n h l i m cau

m o n g siic k h d e

va b i n h a n

cho

diia

vao n g a y

thii

be.

O ngirdfi Gia-va
Nghi thiic thanh

me

diidc tig'n h a n h

b a y tfau t i e n cua t h a n g c6 t h a i t h i i b a y cua n g U d i p h u
n i i v a c h i d a n h cho ngi;fdi s i n h c o n I a n d a u . K h i t i e n
29


hanh nghi I I , gia c h i i mdi ba con ho hang t d i cung


k h b n g ra sdm qua, d§' no ra ddi d l dang, n h a n h chdng.

d u Sla-me-tan - biJa S n t h a n mSt - vdi m i n h . K h i khach

Do cung la y mu6'n cua t h a n h A-la n h a n tijf".

den d6ng du, tOf phong

trong, n h i l n g ngtfcfi p h u ni3

Sau do, ngifcfi

chbng cam con dao Idn tfdm xubng

t r o n g nha bifng nhiJng bat ccfm trfing va ccfm t ^ m ngh&

qua dCfa xanh dvfdi chan; r b i , gicf l&n, chem manh, bura

ra mcfi. Ccfm danh cho ngiTcfi

ddi qua diifa. M o i ngifcfi thor phao, v6 tay v u i ve

non, di/a chu6t, xoai

mang thai c6 cui dOfa

chua, chu6'i xanh, du du xanh.

thay qua dOfa buTa lam d6i: do la da'u h i ^ u bao


khi
trifdc

Ngoai ra, ngifcfi ta con t r 6 n vao cdm m6t it mSm t6m

cuoc s i n h nd sap t d i se dien ra d l dang. Se la diem

cay va m6t c h i i t mkt mia. Ngifdi Gia-va cho rhng,

khong tbt, neu ngifdi chbng phai chem den nhat t h i t

neu

ngifcfi phu nd c6 t h a i k h i a n ma cam thfiy cay t h i it
se s i n h con gai, con neu cam tha'y ngot, t h i at se sinh
con t r a i .

hai mdi bura doi dirge qua difa.
K h i d\ia be vOfa lot long me, ba dd v6 tay manh ba
ran phia t r 6 n no de no chi sg m6t ikn t r o n g ddi t h o i .

khach

Sau nay, k h o n g c6 gi cd th§ lam no sg nUa. Sau k h i

t r e n nhOtng chiec ghe cao. Ngi/cfi chbng d§' m i n h t r a n ,

dirge tam rura, diJa be dirge quan bang vay cua me. Vay


con ngUcfi va de her vai va xoa tdc. Ca hai ngifcfi

mac

nay se la cai bua t h i e n g cho d\Ja tre t r o n g suot cu6c

chiec sa-r6ng ma ho difcfc cha me cho vao ngay ciTdi.

dcfi. Mbi k h i gap bat hanh hay dau 6'm, ngiTcfi Gia-va

Khi

thircfng dat cai vay do dirdi goi n l m hoac phu l§n

6 n g b6' va ba me tiTcmg lai n ^ i cung vdi

tide sap bat d'au, mot 6ng th^y bifng chiec bat

bang dbng dUng nUdc va may canh hoa di lai bSn hai

k h i ngu. Nhau dirge ba dd boc

vg chbng, viy nvfdc vao ho, va doc Idi c^u kha'n: "Nhan

sach se rbi cho vao m6t chiec b i n h de ngirdi b6' dem

danh t h a n h A-la n h a n tOf, ta v^y ntfdc t h i d n g len hai

ch6n. Neu la con t r a i , nhau dirge eh6n trirdc eufa nha


vo chbng, cau hai ngUcfi con dan chau dd'ng. Do cung

de k h i Idn dxia be se di ra ngoai, ncfi ma ca the gidi

la iTdc mu£»n ciia t h a n h A-la n h a n tOf".

vao mieng

vai

mat
trang

md ra trirdc mat no. Con neu la con gai, nhau dirge
chon ngay t r o n g san nha de diia be sau nay se t h a n h

D&'n day, ngvTcfi p h u niJ diing l§n. 6 n g th^y la'y m6t

ba chu k h i d i l^y chbng.

sgi day Idn mau den bu6c quanh bung ngifcfi p h u n i l ,
rbi r u t tCf thSt lifng m i n h mbt con dao. 6 n g gia con
dao l§n,

rbi, bang m6t dong tac ch^c c h i n , 6ng

V a i t r o c u a nhuTng o n g

difa


con dao xuong cAt d\it sai day, 6ng vOfa ndi: " N h a n

d

chiong

nhieu dan tbe, ngirdi ta cho rang, k h i ngirdi vg

danh t h a n h A-la nhan tOf, ta md difcfng cho difa tre d§'

sinh nd, sif cd mat cua ngirdi chbng la ra't can thiet.

no khSng n^m lau t r o n g bung me qua c h i n thang, cung

Theo quan ni§m cua ngiTdi Gia-va (In-d6-n§-xi-a), cd

30

31


mat ngifdi chbng, ngi/di vd se sinh nd d l hcTn, vi dxia
be muon ra nhanh di n h i n mat b6'. K h i ngudi vcf sinh
nd ma ngifdi chbng k h o n g c6 nha, ngiTcfi ta thay bang
mot cot g6 cao bang ngifcfi, dku cot c6 qua'n chiec khan
cua ngtfdi chbng.
De du'a tre ra ddi nhanh, cac ong chbng thubc ngUcfi
T6-rat-gia lay khan quS'n hi.y Ian vong quanh bung rbi
lai bay Fan thao ra. Ngifcfi ta con ban t§n, ban siing,
de mong sxX ra dcri cua dita tre difcfc nhanh, nhanh nhtf

mui ten, hon dan bay vay.
d ngifdi Mi-nang-ka-bao, ngiTcfi chbng (va, noi chung,

ch&'t tai mbt ncfi k i n dao, de cho t d i cac

kig'p sau,

nhiJng ngifdi dan ong nao la'y phai ngifdi p h u nxi tOfng
bi ch&'t k h i dang mang thai kia se k h d n g gap

phai

t i n h canh tifcmg t i f ni3a. Ngifdi ta cung lay cai t h a i
t r o n g bung ngifdi dan ba chet, b i mat chon c^n t h a n .
Neu khbng, canh p h u t h i i y ma lay difcfc cai thai l y
t h i chiing se dung vao cac muc dich xa'u xa, tai hai.
Neu dxia tre

sinh

ra da chet tif t r o n g bung

me,

ngifdi M i l n xifa la'y vai boc qu^n t h i hai, hoac de t h i
hai t r o n g quan tai (neu c6). Trong boc hay t r o n g quan
tai §iy difcfc dat kem theo mbt thoi s^t. Sau do, t r o n g

nam gidi) khong diTcfc c6 mat k h i ngifcfi dan ba sinh


k h i t i e n hanh

le chbn

cat

nd, vi nhif vay, se lam ngifcfi dan ba ngUcfng (ra't c6

t h ^ m cau "sat chifa mem n h u n , chd quay lai", de mong

the day la anh hifdng ciia Hbi giao). Xifa kia, ngifcfi

dieu ba't hanh %

Dai-ac C O tuc: sau k h i du'a tre ra ddi, phai t6 chitc

ngurdi me va gia d i n h - txia nhxX sat,

san dau ngifcfi lam le te cac hbn ma khien cac ma d l

mem n h u n ra ca. Db'i vdi ngifdi M i e n , neu ngifdi me

diJa be difgc y§n -do la tuc hien te thay.

b i chet luc con con dang nhd, ngifdi ta tS chxic

vinh viln

dita be, ngifdi nha
khong tai d i i n


kha'n

db'i vdi

khbng bao gid
mdt

n g h i le goi la lep-bya. Lep-bya la hbn ngifdi, difdi dang
K h o n g m a y me hoac con bi c h e t
K h b n g phai bao gicf sif sinh nor cua ngtfdi p h u n i l
cung dien ra b i n h thifdng va thuSn Icfi. Co k h i dxia
tre ch§'t ngay t r o n g bung me. Co k h i ngifcfi me b i c h i t
t r o n g k h i mang t h a i . Co k h i ngifdi me lai sinh lien
hai diJa con m6t liic... Ta't ca nhiJng dibu t r e n db'i vdi
n h i l u dan toe d Dong Nam A, la nhiJng diem xa'u, phai
giai quyet bang n h i l n g n g h i thdc dac biet.

h i n h con bifdm. H 6 n me va hbn con bao gid cung c6
quan hg dac bi§t, va rang bubc, quy$n chat vdi nhau.
K h i ngifdi me c h i t , t\ic la k h i hbn cua ba ta khbng
con t r i i ngu t r o n g t h a n xac

nxia, t h i hbn a'y c6

thi

mang theo hbn dxia tre. Neu dieu nay xay ra, tiJc la
hbn cua dxia tre b i mang theo d i , dxia tre ta't khbng
song noi. N g h i 11 lep-bya c h i n h nham tach hbn


con

khoi hbn me. T i l n hanh n g h i 11 la mbt ngifdi dan ba
C O h i l u biet vb va'n d& nay. Ba ta l ^ m r ^ m kha'n vai

Mbt k h i ngifcfi phu niJ dang mang thai ma bj chet,

ba bai tKkn chu, r b i dat mbt cai gifcTng t r e n nen, ben

ngifcfi Mien tien hanh p h u phep rbi chbn xac ngifcfi

canh xac ngifdi me. Sau do, vOfa khua chan miia tay -

32

33


mdi d&u con khoan t h a i , sau tSng dkn t d i miic ^ n

T6-rat-gia goi t u c nay la Mo e-va nghIa la t r a n h dillu

nhir di&n loan - ba vOfa ti§p t u c Kim rkm kMn

da.

cku t h i n chii hi hiim

nhilng


cua m i n h . Dat manh vai xu6'ng

m&t gifcmg, r b i , b^ng nhiJng l&i thd'ng t h i ^ t , ba ta nai
n i van x i n hbn ngiTcfi me vOfa qua c6' dOfng mang hbn
con d i theo va hay de cho hbn con d lai vdi thkn
cua no. Va, b^ng d6ng tac nhe nhang, ba ta nkng

xac
chifi'c

khan tay lam b6 dd ISy h b n diia be, dUa c i n than dat
l§n ngUc diia be.

d

ngifbi Su-dra va ngil&i Ve-si, sinh d6i khac

dxigc coi la ma-nak

gidi

sa-lakh, nghia la a\X s i n h n d t b i

l6i, va n h i i n g diJa tre s i n h d6i dUtfc goi la

kem-bar

sa-lakh n g h l a ' l a n h i i n g diJa s i n h doi t b i l&i. Cach day
k h b n g lau, sau k h i de s i n h d6i ba me ngtfdi Su-dra va

Ve-si cung hai dxia con phai r b i ngay k h o i lang, ra
sbng ba thang t r o n g mbt t i i p Teu gan nghIa dia. H&'t
ba thang, sau mbt cube l i tb' dac bi§t, ba me con mdi

Trrfofng h g p s i n h d 6 i

ducfc phep ve nha. Xvfa k i a , d tbc ngtfbi Su-dra va Ve-si

Ngu&i T6-gat-gia coi vi6c sinh d6i la diem doc. Ngifcfi
ta cho r i n g , nhiJng dvJa tre sinh d6i khSng

c h i la

chung m6t dong mau, ma con chung m6t hcfi t h d , m6t

con phb b i ^ n t u c lam 16 ctfdi cho hai di^a tre s i n h d6i
trifdc k h i chiing d&'n tubi t h a n h nien.
(3 ngvfcri Ni-as, hai diia tre sinh dbi b i gifi't, va cha

l i n h h b n . Neu la khac gidi, m6t dxia tre se la'y hbn

me chung b i coi la nhi?ng ngvrbi t b i loi t r o n g subt mbt

sb'ng cua di?a kia. V i vay, diJa y§u se bj giet ngay, con

nam. C( ngvfcfi Dai-ac m i e n Tay, cap t r e sinh dbi cung

diJa khoe diTcfc trao cho ho hang nubi. O ngtfdi Dai-^c,

gidi dvfcfc coi la diem l a n h , con khac


n§u CO trvfcrng hcfp sinh dbi, t h i m6t trong hai dxia tre

DiJa con trai trong trU&ng htfp sinh doi khac gidi se

b i bo vao rOfng. N h i i n g ngifdi p h u nCt T6-rat gia ra't

diicfc dem cho t u t r i f d n g nuoi de lam nb le.

scf sinh dbi. K h i bi&'t c6 trifcfng hcfp sinh d6i of lang
bgn, ho lo scf dibu do se xiy

ra vdi m i n h .

tranh

vi§c de sinh d6i vao sang sdm mbt hom sSp de, ngiTbi
phu ni? cung ba dd ra sbng, ruTa t a i , ruTa tay, te nvfdc
theo dong ch^y va n d i : " X i n diifng

t 6 i phai de sinh

dbi", r b i nem xub'ng song m6t chi§'c ao cu, m6t i t toe
va vai manh mong tay. Vfe nha, ngtfbi p h u n i l Ky phai
an ng6 rang ngay dodi g&m, san nha, k h i an khSng
difgc dung tay ma c h i dung mi&ng; r b i khfing dutfc l&n
nha
34

hhng


cHu thang,

ma b i n g

m b t cay g6. NgUbi

gidi, di^m diJ.

T r o n g quan niem ciia ngtfcfi Ba-li, cap s i n h dbi mbt
t r a i mot gai, la diem xa'u cho ca cong dong. Con hai
diia tre sinh d6i cung gidi t h i lai la hien tOUng b i n h
thifcfng. Trong trifcfng hcfp hai d\ia tre s i n h doi khac
gidi, d& t r a n h tai hoa cho xdm lang, phai tiS'n hanh
nghi 11 t^y uiS phi?c tap. K h i vijfa difcfc t i n cd s i n h doi
khac gidi, dan lang danh mo bao ddng , dong t h b i cufa
cac dfen chua lap tiJc diTcfc ddng lai va dvfcfc treo la di
bao cho moi ngifbi bibt la khbng diTcfc vao. K h d n g mbt
35


n g h i thvic, m6t h6i 11 nao diftfc t i e n hanh, va toan b6
cu6c s6'ng cua lang xom h"au nhvf te ligt.
6 n g bo va ba ne - "nhiJng ngir&i mMc toi" - cung
hai diJa tre s i n h doi khac gidi phai ra song or mot ncfi

II

kh6ng l i n h thi§ng nao do (nhvf nghia dia ch^ng han)
t r o n g su6't 42 ngay. Sau th&i han bi "duoi" do, ho mdi

dtfcfc t r d v1 nha, va dan lang t h i lam ngay 11 iiy

ug'.

T E N

GOI

D6'i vdi ngirdi Kha-si, stf sinh doi diTcfc coi la khong
lanh, n h u quan niem cua nhieu dan toe khac. Nhifng,
giai t h f c h cua ngiTdi Kha-si ve dieu do the hien quan
dig'm r i e n g cua ho. NgiTcfi Kha-si cho r i n g chi c6 m6t
ba t6 d^u t i e n , goi la Kai-o-bg, va m6t 6ng to dau t i e n ,
goi la U - t h a V i a n g . V i the, tai mot thdi diem nha't
d i n h , chi cd the cd mot diJa tre - hoac t r a i , hoSc gai
- ra ddi ma t h o i . Sinh doi, ro rang la ba't b i n h thifcfng.
Do la ke't qua cua s\l trijfng phat cua than l i n h doi vdi
h a n h v i xam pham luat tuc cong dbng cua mot t h a n h
vi6n nao do t r o n g t h | t6c. S i n h doi m6t t r a i mdt gai
cang c»;e ky te hai hcfn v i di^u ay cd nghia la s\i 6
ue' da dien ra ngay t r o n g long ngirdi me k h i ngtfdi me
mang t h a i : hai diia tre chung song vdi nhau, da ke't
hon vdi nhau tiif trong long

me.

K h i che't, hai c6't cua nhving ngirdi sinh doi
diTcfc dat chung trong nghia dia cua c6ng dbng.

Db'i vdi cac dan toe Dbng Nam A, viec dat ten


cho

diJa be mdi ra ddi chig'm v i t r i kha quan t r o n g va cd
y nghia Idn doi vdi cube song khbng chi cua Ma

be

ma con doi vdi ca gia d i n h dong toe. M6i dan tbe cd
nhiJng kieng ky, nhiJng quy tac va nhiJng n g h i t h i i c
rigng t r o n g viec dat ten cho

t r e . Qua nhi3ng phong

tuc va nghi thite dat tgn, ta cd the phan nao

tha'y

duoc nhving net sinh boat van hda cua tCfng tbc ngUbi,
ti^ng dan tbc. Cac phong tuc dat ten cf Dbng Nam A
ra't khac nhau va da dang t r o n g tOfng dan tbc,
nhdm toe

ngifdi. Difdi day,

tiifng

chung tbi chi gidi t h i g u

mot so n g h i thdc va each dat tgn cho tre scf sinh i t

nhieu mang nhi3ng s^c

t h a i doc

dao.

khdng

Dat ten theo ten to tien.
Db'i vdi ngifbi dan dao Sum-ba (In-d6-ng-xi-a),

mbt

dda be ra ddi la n i ^ m v u i khbng chi cua gia d i n h ma
con cua ca lang. Nfgm vui khbng chi d chb cd

them

m6t t h a n h vien mdi cua gia d i n h va cua lang xdm, ma

36

37


c o n d chb

m 6 t n g i f d i t h a n qua c6' nao do cua gia d i n h

da t a i s i n h , da n h a p h b n vao

vSy,

vi6c

mang
Li
be.

dat

tgn

cho

dda

be m d i r a dcfi. Bcri

Ma

be

la n g h i

thiic

it

nhieu


Sau da'y, v i t\iky

r a , l a m l i c i i n g t§' to t i e n , c&u m o n g t d t i e n b a n
cho be. M o t

b a t rvTcfu difdc bay

d a t t e n difcfc t i e n h a n h n g a y l i i c cat r6'n cho d i i a

dbng

con

ho

hang,

lang

xom

diTcfc m d i

t d i dvf

dd'

bac

d&u l a t g n


be. M a u tuf v e t
di§n CO t u d i
ngUdi

da

cat rcfi x u o n g .

cua

d o n g ho

khua't. L u c

v§'t

Khi

Ian

cat

t§n

goi

cac

vi


t d n d i tiS'ng),

ni? L i - s u

nhiing

ngufng

chay

m a u la l i i c

ten mdi nhap

vao

b a t nvfdc.

Neu

v6 dc nguTa t r o n g b a t nxidc

goi

no bang

ten

nitdrc.

ngifcfi

goi

t h i J t\i d a n h

ben

canh

bep

vung

lufa. N g a y sau k h i diJa t r e

ra dcfi,

gia d i n h p h a i t h i t m o t con Icfn r b i m d i t h a y cving

den

dem t h i t con Ictn do c u n g v a i do v a t k h a c d i te, t a
th^n

hp m e n h

cua

vCfa k h a ' n : " N h d

th§m

diia

be

l a n g . Vijfa

dang

do

te,

t h ^

Mong

dijfng d&' x a y r a c h u y e n

ngai

cham

nom

xdm

gi k h d n g l a n h . M o n g n g a i


cho

con

ciing

t & n . X i n n g a i h a y p h u h 6 , cho n o c h o n g
difa t o , cho n o k h o e m a n h va s 6 n g

lau".

lang,
ban

Cung

nhvr d a n

tbc V i e t ,

Li-su

dep

nhieu

dan

toe


c o n t r e b a n g t e n that m a goi b a n g c a i t§n

khong

goi

xa'u, de

ma

q u y che, k h o n g b a t c h i i n g d i . D d i v d i n g i f d i
(In-do-ne-xi-a),

trai

T6-rat-gia

t r o n g sudt m d t t h a n g d a u sau k h i

c o n r a d d i , c h a me k h o n g d a t t e n cho c o n v i scf no
d m . Sau m d t t h a n g , k h i Ma
mdi

dat t e n cho

con. Vao

c o n da c i t n g cap, c h a
ky


t r a n g thifcfng tii&n

d a t t 6 n , de c o n c h o n g I d n . K h i d a t t e n , ngiTdi

Ma
bj
me
mdi

T6-rat-gia

cai

c h o n cai t e n xSu de d a t cho c o n , v d i h y v o n g la n g h e

I d n n h i r qua

tha'y cai t e n xa'u do, m a q u y se c h g , k h d n g b d t d i i a be

phurdc cho d i i a be. C h i i n g t o i x i n n g a i cho di?a be

38

an

p h i i c l a n h cua n g a i m a c h i i n g t o i cd

mdi.

rieng


be.

T e n xau, ten
s o n g or

thi

T u y diJa be da c6 t e n , n h i i n g h a n g n g a y , m o i n g t r d i
va c o n gai. C h i nhOtng k h i t h a t c a n t h i e t , ngtfdi

t6c

v6

be.

Ma

vao

Tarn giac v a n g ) thtrcrng s i n h de t r e n g i u d n g cua m i n h
hay

th'ay l a i t h a m b t

c a i t 6 n m a t h a y vCra goi t r d t h a n h t g n c h i n h thvJc c u a

ten


no.

(m6t

dc

dc

nhac

T i m ten trong bat
phu

n h i l n g v6

dai

m d i goi t e n t h t f c cua d i i a

Ngifcfi

rbi dung

m6t

do, m o t ngtfdi

cai t e n cua v i to t i e n do t r d t h a n h

c h i n h t h i t c cua


ntfdc

thby cung nem

cho

\\igt

l i n h h b n v i t o t i e n vijfa dUcfc n h a c
c d t h e d i t a be. V a

cat

bat

hai

r6'n

rwia

sac

phudc

t i e n d o a n t§n diJa be. M d i k h i goi r a m 6 t cai t & n ( t h o a t

ngtfdi


d5 lay m a n h

trong nha. V i

t r l n g vao

c h i t n g k i e n gicf p h u t dila be c6 t e n , n g h i a la trdr t h a n h
thurc str. B a

sinh

c h i e c b a n tha'p t r e n d a t b a t n u d c va

t i n h ma thuat.

Ba

c t i n g t r d vb n g 6 i n h a ncfi be

di.
39


Ngifcfi Tay, N u n g , chifa dat t6n ngay cho dvJa be

meo, Ga: ngay con ga... Do do, cac chu be ngUdi La-hu

con

thirdng CO n h t t n g ten hoan e h i n h n h u sau: Ca U i , Ca


vat quen thu6c nhiT con chd, con meo hoac n h i i n g t&n

Leh hoac Ca Sao, Ca Hp§u, Ca H p u i , Ca Va... Con t§n

chung nhif con t r a i , con gai...Chi den k h i con trtTorng

cac e6 be se la Na U i , Na Leh hoac Na Sao, Na Hpfiu...

thanh, cha me mdi lam 11 dat tSn. Cha me chon

K h i hai vcf chbng cd eon t h i ten cua hai ngtfdi lap tiie

mdi sinh. Cha me thtfcfng goi con b^ng t§n cac

sSn

m6t so t ^ n cho con rbi mdi t h ^ y cung t d i lam l i chon
ten. V j th'ay cung lam l i trifdc ban t h d gia t i e n foi
gieo ba dong bac t r a n g . Ba dong bac rai xudng ma hai
dbng ngufa m6t dong xa'p la to tiSn da cha'p nhan cai
t§n da dvcgc chon. N h i r dan tdc Viet va mdt so

dan

t6c khac d Dong Nam A, ngudi Tay, N u n g t r a n h dat
ten con t r u n g vdi tfen ong ba, to tien, chii bac,

anh


em ho hang ndi ngoai g^n gui.

difc;c goi theo ten diJa con d&u t i e n . V i du, diJa con c6
t§n la Ca U i , t h i bd, me dtfcfc goi la bd Ca U i , me Ca
U i . K h i cd diia chau dau tien, ten cua ong va ba lai
dd'i theo ten chau. V i du difa chau sinh ra cd ten la
Na Leh t h i ten ong, ba se la: O n g Na Leh, ba Na
Leh... Cach goi ten nhtf vay giiip biet dtfgc ngtfdi nao
do thudc dong tdc nao.
Cung vdi muc dich "Ghi n h d dong tdc", mot so dan
toe lai dat t§n con mang mot phan ten cha. V i du

T e n cha, ten con
Ra't nhi"gu dan t6c d Dong Nam A, dac bi§t la

cac

dan tdc nho, k h d n g c6 ho. M6i ngtfdi chi c6 mot cai
tSn. Cai t§n do lai dvcac ghep vao mot tCr chung chi
gidi t i n h ciia diJa be. Dudi day la each dat ten nhif
vay cua ngtfdi La-hu (d Lao, Thai Lan...). Sau k h i dda
be ra ddi, vao mot ngay cua d^u tii&n t r a n g , b6' me
mdi nhCTng ngudi c6 tuoi den dat t§n cho con m i n h .
Neu be la t r a i t h i t i e n g dku la Ca (con t r a i ) , con la
gai t h i tig'ng d^u la Na (con gai). Ti§ng thii hai ciia
t§n difcfc chon theo nhi'Su each: hoac theo thit t\X con
cai t r o n g nha U i : ca, Leh: l i t . . . ; hoac theo t h d i
lue diJa be ra ddi: Sao:

gian


sang, Hp§u: td'i; hoac theo t§n

goi cua ngay s i n h : H p u i : ngay eon cho, Va: ngay con

40

nhtf ngtfdi A-Kha d Lao va Thai
ngtfdi cha la Byeu Seh
Seh.

Lan:

neu ten

cua

t h i tig'ng d&u cua ten con la

Do do, eon eua ong Byeu Seh

cd the se la

Seh

Tab, Seh Peu hay Seh Sao...
Con ddi vdi ngifdi M i e n (My-an-ma), tu: liic mdi lot
long cho t d i 12 tuo'i, tre dtfde goi ten gan vdi ten cha.
Nura d&u ten goi theo thiJ ttf t r o n g nha: Kao - con trai
d&u, Kai - eon t r a i thiJ hai, San


- eon t r a i thiJ ba,

Su - eon t r a i thti" ttf, U - con t r a i th\i nam; Mai - con
gai d^u, Nai - con gai t h d hai, Fam - con gai thU- ba,
Fai - con gai thxi ttf, Man - con gai t h i i nam. Ntfa sau
la ten thtfc eua ngtfdi cha. K h i dtJa be

trai

12 tudi, cha me mdi lam 11 dat ten c h i n h cho

dtfdc
eon.

41


con gai, c h i dvcgc d a t tSn m d i trvrdc k h i d i ISiy

Con,

chbng.

vao

l i i c g i o t rifcfu c u b i c u n g c o n d o n g t r § n m i e n g

blu


se la t e n c h i n h t h d c cua diJa t r e . Sau do, cha dvia t r e
cam

Rot

gao

nrcru d^t t e n

b i n h chiia nhau,
va

ragu,

lac

liic nay

da difoc

cho

them

ba I a n p h i a t r e n diJa t r e , r b i

b6t

mang


b i n h r a k h o i cufa c h i n h , t r e o vao m o t cai cay d p h i a
Ngtf&i K h a - s i d M y - a n - m a , c u n g n h t f n h i ^ u d a n
khac,
Viec

t6c

ngoai l a n g , x o n g quay ve. NiJdc difcfc d o i l e n c h a n

cha

d u n g m a n h c a t t r e , n i i a de cdt r o n t r e scf s i n h .

d i i a t r e t r i r d c k h i c h a diJa t r e bifdc v a o t r o n g n h a ,

cho

k i e n g d u n g dao b a n g

o n g sat

s i n h CO t r o n g n h i e u d a n toe. Cat

de cat

rd'n t r e

sach. T r o n g n h a , k h i c h a diJa t r e n g a m b o t gao

trong


tre

difcfc

b a n g nifdc n o n g d U n g t r o n g c h i e c b i n h g o m

mau

t h a n h h a i p h a n . R b i b o t gao t r o n v d i b o t n g h e va nu'dc

do. K h i r o n r u n g , p h a i d u n g t r i i n g c i i n g th'an nirdc -

dap l e n c h a n p h a i cua ngiTdi cha, n g U d i me va diia t r e .

tam
vi

t h a n c6 q u y e n
Cai

nhau

ron xong,

sd

p h e p l a m cho r6'n t r e r u n g .

dtrcrc giiJ ^ n


can

than

trong mot

Cac
chiec

b i n h dat, ca't t r o n g n h a , chcJ t d i k h i tig'n h a n h l i dat
ten

m i e n g t h i hai ngtrdi

vao s a n g h o m

sau.

C h u ^ n b i cho le d a t t g n , m o t n g i f d i p h u nOT gia

gao
hoa

com

cho

da u l e n m e n


diTOc x u c

v d i nifdc

de

t h a n h riTOu, r b i

n g h e vao n a m m i e n g ca k h o t r o n g la c h u b i .
Cai b i n h chvta n h a u dat a g i a n givla. C a n h b i n h ,
la

c6 cai c u n g v a ba m u i t e n ,

gai t h i c6 cai k h u n g d e t hay d o n
M6t

nghi

ganh.

I I . N g i f d i n a y d a t la chu6'i

mieng

ca

n i r d c . N g h i l l k e t t h u c . B o t gao

kho


be

dUOc

va

phan

ve.

Dap

tru-ng doan t e n

N g h i I I d a t t e n ciia ngUdi S i n - t e n g

neu
neu

hai

ap b o t n g h e vao c h a n t r a i

t i e n h a n h theo e a c h thiJc

n g i l d i gia, g o i la Ka-bagi-e k h u n , h i e u big't v e
l i , diing r a lam chu

cam


c h i a cho n h i J n g n g t r d i t h a m dtf. D a n b n g , sau do, u d n g

r u g u vao b i n h b a n g v6 qua bau k h o , d b n g t h d i d a t b 6 t

be m d i s i n h la t r a i ,

n g t r d i t h a m dxS 1§

rtrou v u i

t h a n h b o t . B o t d a t t r o n g c h i e c q u a t t r e . NgiTdi t a

khac

GitTa p h b n g ,
t r i t n g b i dap

dat

mot

i
(My-an-ma)dtrcfc

sau:
ro

v d , ba bac


trvtng.

ca

M6i

khi mot

ciia dtJa t r e

qua

dtTa h a i

cai

que l e n v a i r b i t h a x u o n g , d b n g t h d i h o i "dat t e n

du'a

tre

ten

la gi

?"

M o t cai


t§n

n a y c6 h d p y t h a n h a y

diTcfc ke

ra. M u b n biet

k h o n g , c a n q u a n sat t h e

nam

l§n n e n n h a , rac m 6 t i t nUdc l e n la, goi m 6 t v i thl^ln

cua h a i cai que. N e u c h u n g gac

cheo l e n n h a u , t h i do

lam

c h i t n g , r b i r o t rxxau k h o i b a u , d b n g t h d i k6' r a c a c

la

khong,

ten

k h a c n h a u . T e n no t i e p t e n k i a diTcfc ke t r o n g sub't


t u c dap qua t r i i n g k h a c ,

qua t r i n h riTOu c h a y k h o i b a u . Cai t e n dxxac n h a c d i i n g

42

mot

da'u

h i e u tYikn

dbng y.

Neu

can

phai

t i e p t u c t u n g que va h o i

tiep
ve

cai t e n m d i .

43



Q u a t r i n h t i m cai t§n
d i i n cho tdi

p h u hgrp y t h i n

k h i h a i cai que gac

N h i e u t r t f d n g hap,

c i i the

tiep

cheo n h a u m d i t h o i .

h a n g mfiy c h u c qua t r i i n g b i

v 5 m a t e n diJa t r e vhn
ngi/cfi t a t i m each "b§t

chxXa diTcfc t i m ra. V a ,

d^p

the

ep" t h a n l i n h p h a i t h e o y

n g i r d i . Ba bac ca d i i a t r e b a t cheo h a i chiec que


la
con

trifdc

k h i t h a va Itfa t h e t h a que sao cho sau k h i rcTi, c h u n g
b a t cheo n h a u . N h u " vay,

vOfa t i e t k i e m

thcfi g i a n

lai

vOra t i e t k i e m d\Xac t r i t n g , va cai t e n "theo y t h a n " d i
trcr t h a n h t e n "theo y

ngu'di".

ngtr&i p h u nvt t r d da, ba d d c u n g v a i ba nvla d t r o n g
buong

g i i i p cho

viec s i n h ncr dk d a n g .

n h i J n g ngUdi dan o n g

Trong


khi

lo c h u a n b i do c u n g . C o n

do,
thay

n i n - g u o t t i e p t u c x i n cac v i t h i n b6 s u n g cac m o n
mdi,

neu

trifdc

cac

vi

chiJa t h o a

man

vdi yeu

an

cau

"scf


bp"

d d i , ba

dd

noi

day.

DiJa

tre

vOfa ca't

tieng

khoc

chao

n h a n h t e n no t h e o t h d t i ^ s i n h cua no. N e u ba

cham

t r e , r a t c6 t h e m o t con ma l a u l i n h nao v a t v d

quanh


do " n o i " t r i r d c . Do v^y, n h i J n g h a u qua x a u d o i v d i
se x a y

D a t tfen tru'drc so vdri m a

Nam
Khi
thai,

mot

phu

niJ ngiTcfi

t h i hai dieu can

lam

Ka-chin

(My-an-ma)

la c i i n g t h a n va

mang

chon

ba


sa-ba-lap,

se

dd.

giiip

nin-guot,

tim

ra ba

dxxac c h o n

qua
dd

phiTcfng

thich

phap

hcfp.

boi


Thong

thifdng,

l a m ba dd la m 6 t p h u nuT c6 k i n h

Sau

m 6 i ca dd de

cai

vay.

ngiTdi

nghiem.

t h a n h c o n g , ba

dd diTcfc t a n g

m6t

V i e c c u n g t h a n diTcfc t i e n h a n h

n h i f sau: Cac

ban


la k u m - h p a ,

dang

thcf

t r e n do

dat ba t u i do a n , goi

C l i n g t h a n rijfng T s o n , difcfc dxXng d c o n g t r i r d c va c o n g
sau n g o i

n h a . Sau do, th'ay n i n - g u o t x u a t t h a n de

tiep

x u c c h u y e n t r o v d i cac t h ' a n l i n h , qua do t i m h i e u "thiTc
dan"

ciia tufng v i t h a n . ThuT&ng m 6 i v i t h i n cd sd t h i c h

rieng:
ddn"
44

ra.
m a n h cat t r e , n e u la con t r a i , hoac b o n

c6


vj

t h i c h Icfn, c6

se dap iJng n g a y b a n g

vj

t h i c h ga...NhiJfng

cac

con v a t h i e n t e .

"thuc
Liic

manh

cat t r e , n e u la c o n gai, dirge c h u a n b i . M o t m a n h

dung

cat r o n . T r i f d c k h i cat, cho t r e d u 6 i c h a n r b i t r a i
rd'n x u o n g .

Thay

tre


C a t d chb

d u n g c h i buoc va di
Nhau
tir. L a

dxidc

hoc

difcfc xep

dung bon

la de

ngang

d a u goi

day

cua t r e . Sau

dd

t d i k h i nao r o n tiT r u n g .

t r o n g la c h u o i hoac la gi do


tiTcfng

t h a n h h a i Idp. M 6 i Idp h a i l a goi, hoac m o i

Neu

Idp b o n la - n e u so

la

la t a m . S6' la p h a i c h S n . N e u le, t h i t r e d i 6'm dau sai
d e n . La'y t a m m a n h m a y buoc goi n h a u l a i . Sau dd dem
goi n h a u c h o n d c a n h c o t g i i l a c o n g triTdc n e u diJa t r e
la t r a i ,
ben

c o n ng'u d i i a t r e

la gai, t h i c h o n

d canh

cot

phai.

Cac m a n h t r e sau dd difcfc c a m q u a n h ch6 c h o n n h a u
d§' I g n ga k h o n g t d i p h a
Day


dxidc.

rd'n k h o r u n g r a dirge g i n giiJ c^n

than.

Mdi
45


khi tre b| 6'm, nhtf bi nhiSm lanh, vigm phg' quan...
thi ngifdi ta qud'n day nay qiianh c6' no.

va ma de gianh ISy diJa tre qua vi§c sinh nd va dat
t6n cua ngifdi Lao.

Neu de kho, ngifcfi ta cho rling do su ng&n trdr cua
m6t nat (tK^n) nao do. Th^y Turn - sa difcfc nhd tdi
de tim ra nat do. Sau do ngifcfi nha san phu dfing db
Cling cho nat. N&'u nat kh6ng them Sn "cua diit lot",
vSn lam cho san phu de kho, thi ngifdi ta bu6c nat
phai ra di bang m6t s6' each thiic, nhtf xat gOfng vao
toe ngifdi san phu, d6't dt, 16ng sue vSt, gie raeh di
tao mui kho chiu. N&'u c^n thi nhv3ng phat siing se
vang len. Doi khi, bang nhiJng bi§n phap ciing r^n do,
nat vhn khong chiu lui budc. Diia be vkn chifa ra khoi
bung me no. Khi Sy, ngifdi ta nghl tdi ma cai N'dang:
no dang nhap vao san phu. Ma nay, c6 m6t diem yeu


Ngay sau khi d i t r5n, diJa tre difcfc dat t§n lu6n.
Cai t§n d^u ti6n cua di?a tre chi la t§n goi au yg'm
nhif "cu con", "be con", hoac la nhiJng tOf noi len tinh
each hay m6t net ngoai hinh dac bi&t nao do ciia nd
nhvf "thang tai to", "con be m^t dep"...

la ddi la scf dan ong. The

la nhi3ng ngUdi dan

6ng

difdc buy dong vao trong bubng san phu. Ho phcri bay
"vu khi" trtfde mat ma N'dang liie nay trong hinh hai
ngUdi dan ba dau de - gay n6i khi§'p dam cho nd

di

buoc no ehay di.
Dat ten xau, doi ten de tranh ma ac
Theo quan niem cua nhi(&u dkn tdc d D6ng Nam A,
mot dda tre ra ddi la xay ra m6t cuoc chien ac li§t
gii3a mdt b6n la cac ma ac m6t ben la ngifdi. Ca hai ben
deu mudn c6 dd"a tre: ngifdi thi mud'n giil di nu6i, eon
ma thi mudn cudp. Ngay ca khi d\ia tre da Idn, ma ac
vkn lu6n d quanh d\ia tre di tim each eifdp no di. Vi vfty,
mSi khi tre bi dau 6'm, eha me lai phai ddi tgn con d^
lOfa ma. Difdi diky, chiing t6i noi vi| "cu6c chiS'n" giiJa ngudi
46


Ngvfdi Lao cho rang, ten goi la bo phan hilu ccf cua
m6i con ngtfdi, cho nen, m6t khi c6 sa thay doi nghiem
trong gi do trong cu6c ddi, cai ten cung phai diTcfc doi
lai, sao cho phu hap. Cai t&n dku tign, thtfdng la m6t
tuc danh au yem, hoac di/a theo dac diim nao dSiy v%
the chS't hay hinh dang cua dd'a tre. Nhi^u khi ngodi
Lao dung nhOfng ten xa'u x i dat cho con di danh liifa
cac ma ac va tranh cho con khoi dau 6'm. Bat dau d i .
hoe, tre ducfc mang th&m m6t t§n mdi. Het thdi han
tu trong chua, trifdng thanh, tre mdi difcfe mang ten,
ho chinh thdc. T&n chinh thvJc nay cung se thay ddi,
tuy theo dia vj xa h6i cua ngtfdi do, hoac khi ngifdi
do chuyen eh6 d den ncfi khac. Sau m6i Tan bi 6'm dau
hoac trong lang c6 benh djch, ngifdi Lao cung hay doi
t&n de danh lijfa cac ma ac.
D&t ten theo chu"
D6'i vdi ngifdi Mien, ngay sinh cua diia be la rift
quan trong, vi ta't ca, tOf t§n goi, tinh each dg'n s6
phan cua no hoan toan phu thu6c vao ngay sinh cua
no.
Sau khi tre ra ddi, cha me dat t6n cho no, va dat
47


sao

cho

dung


vdi

ngay

sinh. Ho

t i n h t h o n g nghe nghiep,
n g a y g i d h a n h le. L l
khoang

nhd

t r a cxiu

mot

ong

th'^y

t h i r d n g dtfoc t i e n h a n h k h i

nufa t h a n g t u o i . C h o n

Pa, hpa, ba, bha, ma, kia-tha-ba-dt

s a c h thi§ng, d i n h r a

La,


tre

To, ya, y-a-hu

difcfc n g a y l a n h , gicr t o t

Tha,

r b i , gia d i n h p h a i con e m d i mc(i cac o n g ba, c h a c h i i
cung
khi

ban
dat

be

than

t e n , be

hOu, t d i di^ biJa l i e n h o a n .

diTcfc goi

dau sach se.

Nifdc

sac tOr v6 h a t va v6 cay k i n - b o n . C u n g v i t h e m a

thiJc n a y
Tre

goi

goi

rufa t a y

dku
nghi

chSn,

khach

d u ISy

v i k i n - b o n la t h i i

nifdc

tre

goi
ue

rat

I I c h i n h thiJc k h a dcfn g i a n . NgiTcfi me 6 m


con

cky

d u n g tiy

d&u

tot.
Nghi
ngbi

canh

quanh.

chbng.

NgiT&i

Moi

ta ban

ngifdi
t a n ve

quay


thanh

nhvJng cai

vong

ten

xung

dep,

ten

hcfp v d i d d a t r e . R b i o n g bb - h a y ba me - d i f b n g n h i f
ban
biet,

khoan

kho

lai dang

xuT, n h d m o t
trong,

d§t

ten


ngifcfi
cho

coi

dxxac

chau

be.

la

hieu

NgiTdi

difa ra m o t cai t e n , va c6 t h e c o n p h ^ n t i c h t h e m
a n y u y e n t h ^ m ve cai t e n do. T h e

^y
vai

la t a t ca m o i n g i f d i

d b n g y . M o i ngifcfi v u i ve bo t i e n vao cai b a t niTdc

goi


d&u de mijfng cho c h a u be. R b i t d i c6 b a n , c h u y e n

tro,

tr&u

thubc.

ngat.

v d i doan

thd

Db' t i m h i e u luSt do,

ta hay

nay:

Ka, kha, go, gha,

nga, ta-nin-la

So, hsa, za, zha, nya, en-ga
Ta, hta, da, dha, no, sa-ne
48

doan


d(ai)

sau)

sou)

(chu

nh&t)

thcf t r e n , n h i i n g tOf c u b i

trong tii^n. Moi

t u a n cua M y - a n - m a

cung

la

thvi

g b m b a y n g a y (tCr

c h i e m t i n h , b o i t o a n ... t i i & n c h i a t h a n h t a m . N g a y t h i J
t\X, c h i a
dem)

thanh


h a i , la y - a - h u

va b 6 - d a - h u (nufa n g a y

Trong
chi2 cai

(tOf

giiJa

triTa den

dau).

m b i t h i i t r o n g t u ^ n iJng vdi m b t

lukt,

niJa

n h ^ t d i n h . NgiTbi s i n h

vao^thii

nao

nhom

thi


chi

dvfcfc p h e p CO t i n b a t dku b a n g m 6 t t r o n g cac chiJ cai
trong

"nhom

chuf cai

thubc

B^y"

do

n g a y c h u n h a t t h i g b m t o a n bb cac
Nhir

th§',

vi

du, mbt

ngifbi

difcrc p h e p c6 t e n b S n g T h
gap


mbt chang

trai

vao

phai

§m.

t h i J sau

cb t e n b a t d a u b a n g

t\X, n h u ' n g k h o n g

Rieng

d^u ma t h b i .

t h i t a cb t h e t i n c h a c r a n g c h a n g
n g a y thd

thbi.

nguybn

sinh

hoSc H


ma

chi
Neu

c h i l cai

"L",

t r a i do s i n h r a

vao

la vao

bubi chieu

-

g i b cua- q u y , m a s i n h vao b u b i s a n g .

Cai t g n d a t cho t r e bao gib c u n g t u a n t h u m b t l u a t
nghiem

ha, tha-uc-kia(thit

nOm)

t h i J h a i d b n c h u n h a t ) . T u y nhifen, t r o n g cac p h e p t i n h


la k i n - b o n - t a t - t h i .

dau xong,

Trong

(thit tie, niia ngay

(thit tit, nita ngay

A, ta-nin-ga-nut

TrUdc
goi

wa, bd-da-hu

(thit

(thii
(thit

(thii
ba)
bdy)

hai)

lam


quen

Ngirbi M i e n

t i n r ^ n g , j x g a y s i n h se q u y e t d i n h t i n h

t i n h cua moi ngtfbi. Ngifdi

s i n h vao

ngay thiJ hai

hay

CO t i n h g h e n t i , n g b vi^c, n h v f n g l a i c a n t h a n ; vao

ngay

thii

ba:

tuf t e ; vao

lubn, nhiTng
dang,

t a n roc


khbng

ng^y

t h i J ti:f: n o n g

nay,

cau

giSn

gian

iSu; vao

thif

nam:

diu

ngay

t h a n h dat;

vao

n g a y t h i i sau: ba hoa, k h o a c loac; vao t h i ? bay: l u c


s u b t ngay, c6 k h a n S n g

nao
49


c u n g sSn s a n g

s i n h sxi v d i bS't c\i a i ; vao

chu

nhat:

keo k i e t . M & i t h i J t r o n g t u ^ n deu c6 m o t c o n v^t
t i f o n g : ngLfcfi

s i n h t h i i h a i , cam t i n h

c o n h d ; ih\i

sir tvjT; t h i t t i f : nufa d ^ u n g a y : voi c6 nga,
cua

ngay:

voi

khong


c h u o t b a c h ; thxi
ga-lon

(con

DxXa vao
cac

thay

bay:

nga;

ih\i

nSm:

bieu
ha:

va nufa sau

c h u 6 t ; th\i

sau:

N a - g a hay r b n g ; c h u n h a t : c h i m

v a t h u y & n t h o a i n i l a c h i m nuTa t h u ) .

ngay

chiem

s i n h , ngir&i
tinh

lap

Mien

bao

la so cho c o n

bao

son t h e p

nh&
La

minh.

vang.

T u y nhi§n, n g t f d i Mi§'n

g i d d u n g la sd n h t f m 6 t t h i J dd m y


t a l u o n gia'u k i n la sd. N e u

khSng

ngh§.

Ngifdi

m o t p h u t h i i y c6 dvfgc la

sd cua n g i f d i nao do, 6 n g t a se t h o n g qua nhOfng 6 chi3
t h ^ n b i t r 6 n la sd do m a t i m e a c h sai k h i e n , l a m h a i
chu nhan.
Cung

gic; c u n g
cai

de, sdn

dvfa

the

biet

diicfc hoa, p h i i c cua m i n h t h o n g qua b a n g n h u f n g

ngoi


sao dtfdi

vao

ngay

s i n h , ngtrdi M i e n

c6

day:

s6' l a m b a n g n h i J n g m a n h la co - ch\i k h o n g p h a i b a n g
Bac

g i ^ y - ga'p l a i . M 6 t m S t , g h i ro n g a y s i n h , t e n , n o i r a
dcfi, va t e n h a n h t i n h d a n g l e n t r o n g l u c s i n h . De

ghi
12
Thit tic (niia
ngay sau)
Y-a-hu

dUcfc chCf t r e n "gia'y" t r u y e n t h o n g n a y , ngiTdi t a d u n g
b u t t r a m b ^ n g k i m loai. M a t

con l a i cua la so, d&y 6

v u o n g , nhCfng con so t h a n b i m a ngiT&i t h i f c f n g k h d c6

ihi

h i e u diTOc. L a so cua m o i ngiTc/i, c6 h i n h d a n g

m a k h a c n h a u . C h i c6 cac
si Ba-la-m6n
vao

chuyen

l a so. V a o

nhv?ng

mdi d i ^ t h i m

6
Chu nhdt
Mat trdi

mat

v i p 6 n - n a , n g h i a la cac

nghiep,

21
Thit sou
Sao Kim


tu

quyen

t i e t Ik can t h i e t t r o n g t o a n

5
Thii hai
Mm Trang

19
TM nam
Sao Mdc

ghi
b6

Dong

cuoc d d i ngilcfi m a n g la so, cac thay p 6 n - n a va , thvTcfng
c h i la ho - l a i dLfcfc mcfi t d i t r a cvJu, " g i a i ma", de t i m
r a m o t cau t r a I d i t h o a d a n g . V i d u : t u d i n a y , t e n

nay,

p h a i tS chd'c c^t toe

gicf n a y , dvfng

nha


l ^ y ngtfcJi n h u

th§'

vao

thang, nam

nao t h i m d i dtfOc

I g n c h u a vao

kia t h i m d i hop,

h i r d n g p h i i c , 16c, t h o . . . L a

CO t a m q u a n t r o n g . N o

dtfOc

s6' qua

lap k h i d i i a t r e

10
Thii bay
Sao ThS

8


Thu: Tu 17
(mua ngay
(£au)
Sao Thuy

Thii: ba
Sao Hoa

la

khoang

Nam

5 h a y 6 t u 6 i , va dvfOe b6' me g i i l k i n . D e n t u d i trvforng
t h a n h , c h u th&' m d i c6 quy§n giiJ la sd cua m i n h . T h i e u
la sd, t h i k h o c6 th&' c h o n

each t h i l c h o a t d o n g

trgn

m d i c h a n g diTcfng d d i . L a sd cd th§' dvrac t r a n g t r i dep
50

d

b a n g n a y , t a tha'y ta't ca g d m


y d u t o . N g o a i th\i
ta chii y

8 6. M d i 6 g h i

t r o n g t u & n va cac

t d i c o n sd t r e n gdc

sao c h i e u

ba

menh,

p h a i cua tOfng 6. Do

la
51