75ѬӠ1*ĈҤI HӐ&+Ơ1*9ѬѪ1*
KHOA GD TIӆU HӐ&9¬0ҪN NON

NGUYӈN THӎ +2¬, THU

MӜT SӔ BIӊ13+È3 5Ê1.Ƭ1Ă1*7Ӵ BҦO Vӊ
CHO TRҾ 5-6 TUӘ,7+Ð1*48$75Ñ&+Ѫ,
ĈÏ1*9$, THEO CHӪ Ĉӄ

.+Ï$/8ҰN TӔT NGHӊ3ĈҤI HӐC
1JjQK*LiRGөc Mҫm non

GiҧQJYLrQKѭӟng dүQ7K6%L7Kӏ Loan

3K~7KӑQăP


/Ӡ,&$0Ĉ2$1
7{L[LQFDPÿRDQEҧQOXұQYăQQj\OjNӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭXFӫDFiQKkQ
W{L&iFVӕOLӋXYjWjLOLӋXÿѭӧFWUtFKGүQWURQJOXұQYăQOjWUXQJWKӵF.ӃW
TXҧQJKLrQFӭXQj\NK{QJWUQJYӟLEҩWFӭF{QJWUuQKQjRÿmÿѭӧFF{QJEӕ
WUѭӟFÿy
7{LFKӏXWUiFKQKLӋPYӟLOӡLFDPÿRDQFӫDPuQK
6LQKYLrQ
NguyӉn Thӏ +RjL7KX

i


/Ӡ,&Ҧ0Ѫ1
7{L[LQWUkQWUӑQJEj\Wӓ OzQJELӃWѫQVkXVҳFÿӃQF{JLiRWKҥc sӻ%L7Kӏ

/RDQQJѭӡLÿmWұQWuQKJL~SÿӥKѭӟng dүQW{LWURQJVXӕt thӡLJLDQW{LWKӵc hiӋn
OjPÿӅ WjLNKRiOXұn tӕt nghiӋSĈӃQQD\NKRiOXұQ³thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNƭQăQJ
tӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL´ÿmKRjQWKjQK
4XDÿk\W{L[LQFKkQWUӑng gӱi lӡi cҧPѫQFKkQWKjQKQKҩWÿӃQWRjQWKӇ
FiF WKҫ\F{JLiRWURQJNKRD*LiRGөc tiӇu hӑFYjPҫPQRQFiFEҥn lӟp k15Ĉҥi hӑFVѭSKҥm Mҫn non - WUѭӡQJĈҥi hӑc +QJ9ѭѫQJYjWRjQWKӇ FiFWKҫy
F{JLiRFiFFKiXKӑc sinh 5-6 tuәLWUѭӡng mҫm non Thө\9kQÿmJL~Sÿӥ tҥo
mӑLÿLӅu kiӋQÿӇ W{LKRjQWKjQKNKRiOXұn tӕt nghiӋSQj\
7{L[LQEj\Wӓ WuQKFҧPVkXVҳc tӟLJLDÿuQKYjQJѭӡLWKkQÿmӫng hӝÿӝng
YLrQ WҥR ÿLӅu kiӋQ ÿӇ W{L Kӑc tұS Yj QJKLrQ FӭX ÿӇ KRjQ WKjQK NKRi OXұn tӕt
nghiӋS³thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫL
ÿyQJYDL´
'ÿmFyQKLӅu cӕ gҳQJVRQJNKRiOXұn tӕt nghiӋSNK{QJWKӇ WUiQKNKӓi
nhӳng thiӃXVyW.tQKPRQJFiFTXêWKҫ\F{JLiREҥQEqJySêÿӇ NKRiOXұn tӕt
nghiӋSÿѭӧFKRjQWKLӋQKѫQ
7{L[LQFKkQWKjQKFҧPѫQ
7iFJLҧ
NguyӉn Thӏ +RjL7KX

ii


MӨC LӨC
LӠ,&$0Ĉ2$1................................................................................................... i
LӠI CҦ0Ѫ1 ....................................................................................................... ii
MӨC LӨC ............................................................................................................ iii
DANH MӨC BҦNG BIӆU ................................................................................. vi
DANH MӨC BIӆ8ĈӖ ...................................................................................... vii
DANH MӨ&.Ë+,ӊU VIӂT TҲT ................................................................... viii
PHҪN 1: MӢ ĈҪU ............................................................................................... 1
1. TINH CҨP THIT C$ 7ơ, .................................................................... 1

ộ1*+$.+2$+&9ơ7+C TIN ....................................................... 2
3. M&7,ầ81*+ầ1&U ............................................................................... 2
4. NHIM V 1*+,ầ1&U ............................................................................. 3
,71*9ơ3+09,1*+,ầ1&U .................................................. 3
3+1*3+ẩ31*+,ầ1&U ..................................................................... 3
&+1*  &Ѫ 6Ӣ /é /8ҰN Vӄ *,È2 'ӨC KӺ 1Ă1* 7Ӵ BҦO Vӊ
CHO TRҾ MҮ8 *,È2 -6 TUӘ, 7+Ð1* 48$ 75Ñ &+Ѫ, ĈÏ1* 9$,
THEO CHӪ Ĉӄ .................................................................................................... 8
6ѫOѭӧc vӅ lӏch sӱ QJKLrQFӭu vҩQÿӅ ............................................................ 8
FiFF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFӭu kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ.............................................. 8
1.2. Mӝt sӕ NKiLQLӋPFѫEҧn. ............................................................................. 16
1.2.1. Kӻ QăQJ ..................................................................................................... 16
1.2.2. Kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ ..................................................................................... 16
*LiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ....................................................................... 18
7UzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ................................................................... 19
1.2.5. BiӋQSKiSUqQOX\Ӌn kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ WK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHR
chӫ ÿӅ .................................................................................................................. 25
ĈһFÿLӇPWkPVLQKOtFӫa trҿ 5-6 tuәi ........................................................... 26
ĈһFÿLӇPVLQKOt......................................................................................... 26
ĈһFÿLӇPWkPOt ......................................................................................... 27
ĈһFÿLӇm kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cӫa trҿ 5-6 tuәi. .............................................. 31
1.4.1. VӅ nhұn thӭc ............................................................................................. 31
1.4.2. VӅ WKiLÿӝ .................................................................................................. 34
1.4.3. VӅ KjQKYL ................................................................................................. 34
1.54XiWUuQKKuQKWKjQKNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәi ............................. 34
iii


1.6&iF\Ӄu tӕ ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQTXiWUuQKKuQKWKjQKNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 56 tuәi .................................................................................................................... 36
1.6.1. Sӵ phӕi hӧp giӳDWUѭӡng mҫPQRQYjJLDÿuQK ........................................ 37

1.6.2. HoҥWÿӝQJWtFKFӵc cӫDFiQKkQWUҿ. .......................................................... 37
1.6.3. BiӋQSKiSJLiRGөc cӫDJLiRYLrQ ............................................................. 38
1.60{LWUѭӡQJJLiRGөc .................................................................................. 38
&+ѬѪ1*  7+ӴC TRҤ1* 5Ê1 .Ӻ 1Ă1* 7Ӵ BҦO Vӊ CHO TRҾ 5-6
TUӘ,7+Ð1*48$75Ñ&+Ѫ,ĈÏ1*9$,7+(2&+Ӫ Ĉӄ ...................... 41
2.1. NӝLGXQJJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ WURQJFKѭѫQJWUuQKJLiRGөc
mҫm non .............................................................................................................. 41
9jLQpWYӅ ÿӏDÿLӇPQJKLrQFӭu.................................................................... 43
2.3. Thӵc trҥng vӅ viӋFJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5 - 6 tuәi ӣ WUѭӡng
mҫm non .............................................................................................................. 43
2.3.1 MөFÿtFKÿLӅu tra........................................................................................ 43
2.3.ĈӕLWѭӧQJÿLӅu tra ..................................................................................... 44
2.3.3. NӝLGXQJÿLӅu tra ....................................................................................... 44
2.3.4. KӃt quҧ ÿLӅu tra ......................................................................................... 44
2.47LrXFKtÿiQKJLiYjWKDQJÿiQKJLiNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJ
TXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ ....................................................................... 44
2.5ĈiQKJLiWKӵc trҥQJUqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUz
FKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ ................................................................................... 45
2.5.1. &ѫVӣ lӵa chӑn nӝLGXQJUqQOX\Ӌn KNTBV cho trҿ ................................ 45
2.5.2.Thӵc trҥng nhұn thӭc vӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXD
WUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ .............................................................................. 46
2.5.3. Thӵc trҥQJWKiLÿӝ vӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUz
FKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ ................................................................................... 48
2.5.4. Thӵc trҥng biӇu hiӋQKjQKYLFӫDTXiWUuQKUqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ
5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ ............................................... 50
ĈiQKJLiQJX\rQQKkQҧQKKѭӣng tӟLJLiRGөFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 56 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ ................................................... 52
2.4.5. NhӳQJNKyNKăQWURQJTXiWUuQKJLiRGөFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ mҫm
non ....................................................................................................................... 59
&+ѬѪ1*MӜT SӔ BIӊ13+È3 5Ê1.Ӻ 1Ă1*7Ӵ BҦO Vӊ CHO TRҾ
5-6 TUI 75NG MM NON TH<9ặ1 TP VI775ẻ- T1+3+ề

iv


THӐ 7+Ð1*48$75Đ&+Ѫ,ĈÏ1*9$,9¬7Ә CHӬC THӴC NGHIӊM
6Ѭ3+ҤM ........................................................................................................... 63
&iFQJX\rQWҳc chӫ ÿҥo chӫ ÿӅ JLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәi
WK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL ................................................................................. 63
3.2 mӝt sӕ biӋQSKiSUqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәi ӣ WUѭӡng mҫm non
thө\YkQ±tp viӋWWUu-tӍnh SK~WKӑ WK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL ........................... 63
3.3. BiӋQSKiSUqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQWURQJPӝt sӕ chӫ ÿӅ cө thӇ ............. 77
3.3.1. Kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ WUѭӟFQJX\FѫEӏ bҳWFyFWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL
theo chӫ ÿӅ........................................................................................................... 77
3.3.2. Kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ WUѭӟFÿӝng vұt nguy hiӇPWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL
theo chӫ ÿӅ........................................................................................................... 80
3.3.3. Kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ WUѭӟFQJX\FѫEӏ tai nҥQWKѭѫQJWtFKWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫL
ÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ............................................................................................ 81
3.4. Tә chӭc thӵc nghiӋm mӝt sӕ biӋQSKiS UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ mүu
JLiR- 6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL ......................................................... 82
3.4.1. MөFÿtFKWKӵc nhiӋm................................................................................. 82
3.4ĈӕLWѭӧng thӵc nghiӋm ............................................................................. 82
3.4.3. Nӝi dung thӵc nghiӋm ............................................................................... 83
3.4&iFKÿiQKJLiWKӵc nghiӋm ....................................................................... 83
3.4&iFKWә chӭc thӵFQJKLrP......................................................................... 83
3.5. KӃt quҧ thӵc nghiӋm .................................................................................... 84
3.5.1. KӃt quҧ ÿRÿҫXWUѭӟc thӵc nghiӋm cӫD QKyP WKӵc nghiӋP YjQKyP ÿӕi
chӭng ................................................................................................................... 84
3.5.2. KӃt quҧ ÿRVDXWKӵc nghiӋm cӫDQKyPWKӵc nghiӋPYjQKyPÿӕi chӭng 85
3.5.3. So ViQKNӃt quҧ WUѭӟFYjVDXWKӵc nghiӋm cӫDQKyPWKӵc nghiӋm .......... 87
KӂT LUҰ19¬.,ӂN NGHӎ............................................................................. 89
1. KӃt luұn ........................................................................................................... 89

2. KiӃn nghӏ ......................................................................................................... 89
7¬,/,ӊU THAM KHҦO ................................................................................... 91

v


'$1+0Ө&%Ҧ1*%,ӆ8
BҧQJ&ѫVӣ lӵa chӑn nӝLGXQJUqQKX\Ӌn KNTBV cho trҿ ......................... 45
Bҧng 2.2. Thӵc trҥng nhұn thӭFNƭQăQJtӵ bҧo vӋ ӣ trҿ 5 - 6 tuәi ..................... 46
Bҧng 2.3 Thӵc trҥQJWKiLÿӝ sӵ cҫn thiӃt cӫDNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5 - 6 tuәi
............................................................................................................................. 48
Bҧng 2.4 : Thӵc trҥng biӇu hiӋQKjQKYLFӫDTXiWUuQKUqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho
cӫa trҿ 5 ± 6 tuәi .................................................................................................. 50
BҧQJĈiQKJLiFiF\Ӄu tӕ NKiFKTXDQҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQJLiRGөc KN TBVBT
cho trҿ 5 ± 6 tuәLWK{QJTXD7&Ĉ97&ĈFӫa GVMN ........................................ 52
BҧQJĈiQKJLiFiF\Ӄu tӕ chӫ quan ҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQJLiRGөc KN TBVBT
cho trҿ 5 ± 6 tuәLWK{QJTXD7&Ĉ97&ĈFӫa GVMN ........................................ 53
Bҧng 2.7. Thӵc trҥng mӭFÿӝ sӱ dөQJFiFELӋQSKiSJLiRGөFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ
cho trҿ mҫm non .................................................................................................. 55
BҧQJ&iFKuQKWKӭFJLiRGөFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәi ................. 58
Bҧng 2.9. Nhӳng khyNKăQWURQJTXiWUuQKJLiRGөFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ
mҫm non .............................................................................................................. 59
Bҧng 3.1. MӭFÿӝ nhұn thӭFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cӫDQKyPWKӵc nghiӋPYjQKyP
ÿӕi chӭQJWUѭӟc thӵc nghiӋm .............................................................................. 84
Bҧng 3.2. MӭFÿӝ nhұn thӭFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cӫDQKyPWKӵc nghiӋPYjQKyP
ÿӕi chӭng sau thӵc nghiӋm ................................................................................. 85
Bҧng 3.3. MӭFÿӝ nhұn thӭFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cӫDQKyPWKӵc nghiӋPWUѭӟFYj
sau thӵc nghiӋm................................................................................................... 87

vi



'$1+0Ө&%,ӆ8ĈӖ
BiӇXÿӗ 2.1. Thӵc trҥQJWKiLÿӝ sӵ cҫn thiӃt cӫDNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5 - 6
tuәi ....................................................................................................................... 48
BiӇXÿӗ &iFKuQKWKӭFJLiRGөFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәi............. 58
BiӇXÿӗ 2.3. NhӳQJNKyNKăQWURQJTXiWUuQKJLiRGөFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ
mҫm non .............................................................................................................. 59
BiӇu ÿӗ 3.1. MӭFÿӝ nhұn thӭFNƭ QăQJ Wӵ bҧo vӋ cӫDQKyP WKӵc nghiӋP  Yj
QKyPÿӕi chӭQJWUѭӟc thӵc nghiӋm .................................................................... 85
BiӇX ÿӗ 3.2. MӭF ÿӝ nhұn thӭF Nƭ QăQJ Wӵ bҧo vӋ cӫD QKyP WKӵc nghiӋP Yj
QKyPÿӕi chӭng sau thӵc nghiӋm ....................................................................... 86
BiӇXÿӗ 3.3. MӭFÿӝ nhұn thӭFNƭQăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cӫa QKyPWKӵc nghiӋPWUѭӟc
YjVDXWKӵc nghiӋm .............................................................................................. 87

vii


'$1+0Ө&.Ë+,ӊ89,ӂ77Ҳ7

ViӃt tҳt

ViӃWÿҫ\ÿӫ

CBQL

&iQEӝ quҧQOê

GDMN


*LiRGөc mҫm non

GV

*LiRYLrQ

GVMN

*LiRYLrQPҫm non

+Ĉ9&

HoҥWÿӝQJYXLFKѫL

KN

Kӻ QăQJVӕng

KN TBVBT

Kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQ

MN

Mҫm non

VT

ViӋW7Uu


7&Ĉ97&Ĉ

7UzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ

viii


3+Ҫ10ӢĈҪ8
1. TINH CҨP THIӂT CӪA Ĉӄ 7¬,
;mKӝi hiӋn nay vӟi xu thӃ hӝi nhұSWRjQFҫXKyDOX{QQҧy sinh nhӳng
vҩQ ÿӅ phӭc tҥS Yj QKӳng vҩQ ÿӅ bҩW ÿӏQK ÿӕi vӟL FRQ QJѭӡi. NӃX FRQ QJѭӡi
NK{QJFyQăQJOӵFÿӇ ӭQJSKyYѭӧt qua nhӳng thӱ WKiFKÿyYjKjQKÿӝng theo
cҧPWtQKWKuUҩt dӉ gһp rӫi ro.
&KѭѫQJ WUuQK *LiR Gөc mҫP QRQ  ÿm ÿѭD UD QӝL GXQJ JLiR Gөc an
WRjQFKRWUҿ mүXJLiR-6 tuәL1ăP%ӝ *LiRGөc ±ĈjRWҥo ViӋW1DPÿm
EDQKjQK%ӝ ChuҭQSKiWWULӇn trҿ em 5 tuәL7URQJÿy&KXҭQÿmÿѭDUDFKӍ sӕ
ÿiQKJLi³7rҿ FyKLӇu biӃWYjWKӵFKjQKDQWRjQFiQKkQ´9LӋFJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJ
sӕQJQyLFKXQJYjNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ QyLULrQJÿzLKӓi mӝWTXiWUuQKUqQOX\Ӌn,
JLiRGөFOkXGjL+ѫQQӳa, lӭa tuәi mҫm non-ÿһc biӋWOjJLDLÿRҥn cuӕi tuәi mүu
JLiR-6 tuәL
OjJLDLÿRҥn hӑc hӓi, tiӃSWKXOƭQKKӝi nhӳQJJLiWUӏ sӕQJÿӇ SKiW
triӇQQKkQFiFKYjFKXҭn bӏ EѭӟFYjROӟSGRÿyFҫn sӟPJLiRGөFFiFNӻ QăQJ
sӕQJÿһc biӋWOjNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ ÿӇ trҿ FyQKұn thӭFÿ~QJYjFyKjQK
vi ӭng xӱ SKKӧp ngay tӯ ÿӝ tuәi mҫm non gySSKҫQJL~SWUҿ tӵ FKăPVyFYj
bҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQWUiQKNKӓi nhӳng nguy hiӇm.
*LDLÿRҥn tuәi mҫPQRQOjJLDLÿRҥn thuұn lӧi nhҩWÿӇ KuQKWKjQKYjSKiW
triӇn nhӳng kӻ QăQJWKyLTXHQFҫn thiӃt trong cuӝc sӕng cӫa trҿ VDXQj\&iF
QKjJLiRGөc mҫPQRQÿmQKұn UDYDLWUzTXDQWUӑng cӫa viӋFJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJ
sӕQJQyLFKXQJYjNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ QyLULrQJFKRWUҿ ngay tӯ lӭa tuәi mҫm non,
ÿӇ JL~SWUҿ FyWKӇ ÿӝc lұp, tӵ chӫ, sӕng khӓe, sӕng tӕWYjWKjQKF{QJWURQJWѭѫQJ

ODLĈyFyWKӇ FRLQKѭFKuDNKyDFKRVӵ sӕng czQYjSKiWWULӇn cӫDFRQQJѭӡi.
7UrQWKӵc tӃ, mӝt sӕ tai nҥn xҧy ra vӟi trҿ OjGRVӵ bҩt cҭn cӫDQJѭӡi lӟn,
QKѭQJFNJQJFyQJX\rQQKkQOjGRWUҿ FKѭDFyNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ tӕWĈӗng thӡi,
FiFFKDPҽ trҿ WKѭӡQJFyWKyLTXHQOjPKӝ con mӑi viӋFYjFKRUҵQJPunh sӁ
OX{QEҧo vӋ FRQWUѭӟc nhӳQJWuQKKXӕng rӫi ro. Thӵc tӃ bӕ mҽ NK{QJWKӇ OX{Q
ErQFRQQrQKm\Kѭӟng dүn trҿ FyWKӇ tӵ phөc vө PuQKQKұn biӃWÿѭӧc nhӳQJJu
nguy hiӇm cҫQWUiQK'ҥy trҿ FiFKWӵ bҧo vӋ FKtQKOjFiFKWӕt nhҩWJL~SWUҿ WUiQK
nhӳng rӫi ro trong cuӝc sӕng, sӕQJ DQ WRjQ Pҥnh khӓH Yj SKiW WULӇn tӕW KѫQ
trong bҩt cӭ ÿLӅu kiӋQKRjQFҧQKQjRFӫa cuӝc sӕng.
Trong thӵc tӃ hiӋn nay ӣ bұc hӑc mҫPQRQJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ
cho trҿ chӫ yӃX OjWtFK KӧSYjR FiF KRҥW ÿӝQJ FKăP VyF YjJLiRGөc trҿ KjQJ
1


QJj\ GѭӟL KuQK WKӭF UqQ QӅ nӃp, dҥy trҿ nhӳng kӻ QăQJ Wӵ phөc vө ÿѫQ JLҧn,
JLiRYLrQFKѭDWKӵc sӵ hiӇXYjTXDQWkPÿӃn viӋFKuQKWKjQKYjUqQOX\ӋQFiFNӻ
QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ9uWKӃ, trҿ em hiӋn nay thiӃu kӻ QăQJVӕQJÿһc biӋWOjNӻ
QăQJÿӕi mһt vӟi nhӳQJNKyNKăQWURQJFXӝc sӕng hiӋQÿҥi vӟi nhiӅu rӫLURYj
mҩWDQWRjQQrQJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho thӃ hӋ trҿ ngay tӯ NKLFzQQKӓ ӣ
ÿӝ tuәi mҫP QRQOjYҩQ ÿӅ cҫn thiӃW Yj FҩS EiFKKLӋQ QD\ ÿzL Kӓi phҧL Fy Vӵ
TXDQWkPÿһc biӋt.
Mӝt trong nhӳng ÿһFÿLӇm cӫa trҿ mҫPQRQOjKDPKLӇu biӃWWKtFKNKiP
SKiWuPWzL0ӑi vұWÿDQJGLӉn ra xung quanh trҿ ÿӅXOjQKӳng mӟi mҿ WK~Yӏ Pj
trong trҿ muӕQNKiPSKi&KtQKYuYұy mӑi hoҥWÿӝng ӣ WUѭӡng mҫPQRQÿӅu
FyWKӇ sӱ dөQJÿӇ JLiRGөc cho trҿWURQJÿyWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ OjKRҥt
ÿӝQJFKѫLPDQJOҥi hiӋu quҧ FDR7URQJWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ trҿ ÿѭӧc
tҥRFѫKӝLWuPKLӇXNKiPSKiWUҧi nghiӋm vӟLFiFWuQKKXӕQJKRjQFҧQKFKѫLÿD
dҥQJ.KLWKDPJLDYjRWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ FKtQKOjFѫKӝi tӕt nhҩt
cho trҿ vұn dөng nhӳng hiӇu biӃWYjFiFNӻ QăQJÿmFyÿһc biӋWOjNӻ QăQJWӵ
bҧo vӋ ÿӇ xӱ OêFiFWuQKKXӕQJÿDGҥQJOX{QELӃQÿәi xҧ\UDWURQJFiFKRҥWÿӝng

FKѫL
XuҩWSKiWWӯ nhӳQJOêGRWUrQFK~QJW{LÿmFKӑQÿӅ WjL³WKLӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ
UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL´ÿӇ QJKLrQ
cӭXWURQJNKyDOXұn tӕt nghiӋp cӫDPuQK
2. é1*+Ƭ$.+2$+Ӑ&9¬7+ӴC TIӈN
2.1. éQJKƭDY͉NKRDK͕c

/jPViQJWӓ FѫVӣ OtOXұn vӅ thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQ NƭQăQJEҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQ
cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅYDLWUzFKӭFQăQJFӫa
viӋFJLiRGөc NƭQăQJEҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQFKRWUҿ 5-6 tuәi.
2.2. éQJKƭDWK͹FWL͍Q

ĈiQKJLiWKӭc trҥQJWK{QJTXDFiF\Ӄu tӕ bҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQÿyÿӅ xuҩt
- ThiӃt kӃ FiFFKӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJbҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQÿӇ JLiRGөc cho trҿ 5-6
tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ.
- ĈӅ xuҩWFiFQJX\rQWҳFÿӇ [k\Gӵng chӫ ÿӅ bҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQFKRcho trҿ
5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ.
3. MӨ&7,Ç81*+Ç1&ӬU

2


7KLӃWNӃPӝWVӕFKӫÿӅUqQNӻQăQJWӵEҧRYӋFKRWUҿ-WXәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫL
ÿyQJYDLQKҵP KҥQFKӃWӕLÿDQKӳQJWDLQҥQWKѭѫQJWtFK[ҧ\UDӣWUҿPҫPQRQJL~SWUҿ
WӵFKăPVyFYjEҧRYӋEҧQWKkQÿѭӧFDQWRjQWӯÿyJySSKҫQQkQJFDRFKҩWOѭӧQJJLiR
GөFPҫPQRQ

4. NHIӊM VӨ 1*+,Ç1&ӬU
- 1JKLrQFӭXFѫVӣ OêOXұn cӫa viӋc thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ
cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL

- Thӵc trҥQJ UqQ Nӻ QăQJ Wӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәL WK{QJ TXD WUz FKѫL
ÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ.
- ThiӃt kӃ mӝt sӕ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuLWK{QJTXD
WUzFKLyQJYDLYjW chc thc nghiPVSKm.
,71*9ơ3+M VI 1*+,ầ1&U
ViF QJKLrQ Fu thit k chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJ Wӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәi
WK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLÿѭӧc thӵc hiӋn trong phҥm vi:
* VӅ nӝi dXQJ5qQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLSKzQJWUiQKWDLQҥn
WKѭѫQJWtFK. Thӵc hiӋn trong chӫ ÿӅ: BҧQWKkQ thӃ giӟLÿӝng vұt
.KiFKWKӇ QJKLrQFӭXĈӅ WjLQJKLrQFӭXYjWKӵc hiӋn thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ
UqQ Nƭ QăQJ Wӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәL WK{QJ TXD WUz FKѫL ÿyQJ YDL tҥL WUѭӡng
mҫm non Thө\9kQ±TP ViӋW7Uu-TӍQK3K~7Kӑ
3+ѬѪ1*3+È31*+,Ç1&ӬU
&iFKWLӃp cұn
4XDQÿL͋m h͏ th͙ng - c̭XWU~F
4XiWUuQKJLiRGөc ӣ WUѭӡng mҫPQRQOjPӝt hӋ thӕQJWRjQYҽn bao gӗm
FiFWKjQKWӕ FyTXDQKӋ mұt thiӃt vӟLQKDX&iFWKjQKWӕ cӫDTXiWUuQKJLiRGөc
NK{QJWӗn tҥLÿӝc lұSPjWiFÿӝng qua lҥLYjSKө thuӝc lүn nhau. Sӵ vұQÿӝng,
SKiWWULӇn cӫDFiFWKjQKWӕ nj\OjFѫVӣ cho sӵ vұQÿӝQJSKiWWULӇn cӫDFiFWKjQK
tӕ NKiFYjQJѭӧc lҥL7KHRÿyYLӋFQJKLrQFӭu thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ
bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLSKҧL[iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFFiFWKjQK
tӕ FѫEҧQTX\ÿӏQKÿһFWUѭQJFӫDP{LWUѭӡng dҥy hӑFWtFKKӧp.
6.1.3. 4XDQÿL͋m th͹c ti͍QWURQJQJKLrQFͱu khoa h͕FJLiRGͭc

3


4XDQÿLӇm thӵc tiӉQWURQJQJKLrQFӭu khoa hӑFJLiRGөFÿzLKӓLQJKLrQ
cӭu khoa hӑFJLiRGөFEiPViWWKӵc tiӉn, phөc vө cho sӵ nghiӋSJLiRGөc cӫa
ÿҩWQѭӟc.

Thӵc tiӉQJLiRGөc OjQJXӗn gӕc cӫDFiFÿӅ WjLQJKLrQFӭXFiFPkXWKXүn
cӫa thӵc tiӉQOjQKӳng gӧLêFKRFiFÿӅ WjL1KӳQJ\rXFҫu cӫa thӵc tiӉQJLiR
dөc nhҵP QkQJ FDR FKҩW OѭӧQJ JLiR GөF Yj ÿjR WҥR Oj ÿӝng lӵF WK~F ÿҭ\ TXi
WUuQKWULӇQNKDLQJKLrQFӭu. Thӵc tiӉQJLiRGөc ljWLrXFKXҭQÿӇ ÿiQKJLiFiFNӃt
quҧ QJKLrQFӭu. KӃt quҧ QJKLrQFӭXÿѭӧc ӭng dөng nhҵm cҧi tҥo thӵc tiӉQJLiR
dөF9uYұy thӵc tiӉQJLiRGөFOjQJXӗn gӕFOjÿӝng lӵFOjWLrXFKXҭQYjPөc
ÿtFKFӫDWRjQEӝ TXiWUuQKQJKLrQFӭu khoa hӑFJLiRGөc.
6.1.4 Quan ÿL͋PWtFKKͫp
6ѭ SKҥP WtFK KӧS Oj PӝW TXDQ ÿLӇP Wѭ WѭӣQJ Oê WKX\Ӄt vӅ JLiR Gөc
KѭӟQJYjRYLӋFOjPWKӃ QjRÿӇ SKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵFFKRQJѭӡi hӑc ӣ QKjWUѭӡng,
Pjӣ ÿyNLQKQJKLӋPYjYӕn sӕng cӫDQJѭӡi hӑFÿѭӧc tұn dөQJQJѭӡi hӑc hӑc
FiFK OLrQNӃW FiF kiӃn thӭFNƭQăQJÿm ÿѭӧc trang bӏ WURQJ FiF P{Q KӑF NKiF
QKDX YjR YLӋc giҧi quyӃt hiӋu quҧ nhӳQJ WuQK KXӕng phӭc hӧS ÿһt ra vӟi hӑ
trong cuӝc sӕng.
6.1.5. Ti͇p c̵QQăQJO͹c
TiӃp cұQQăQJOӵc tұSWUXQJYjRKӋ thӕQJQăQJOӵc theo chuҭQÿҫu ra vӅ
QăQJOӵc cho hӑFVLQKFiFWUѭӡng mҫm non, gӗm hӋ thӕQJFiFQăQJOӵc hӑc tұp,
QăQJOӵFÿӏQKKѭӟQJSKiWWULӇn cӫa hӑFVLQKSKiWWULӇn cӝQJÿӗng nghӅ Yj[m
hӝLYjQăQJOӵFSKiWWULӇQFiQKkQ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJ
TXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅNK{QJFKӍ JL~SKӑc sinh mҫPQRQWtFKONJ\
kiӃn thӭc vӅ NƭQăQJVӕQJPjWK{QJTXDFiFKRҥWÿӝng cө thӇ, sӱ dөng kiӃn thӭc
ÿmKӑc giҧi quyӃWFiFYҩQÿӅFiFWuQKKXӕng xҧy ra trong cuӝc sӕng.
6.1.6. Ti͇p c̵QSKiWWUL͋n
TiӃp cұQSKiWWULӇQFK~WUӑQJÿӃn viӋFSKiWWULӇQQăQJOӵc tiӅm ҭn cӫa hӑc
VLQKSKiWWULӇn sӵ hiӇu biӃt rӝng cӫa hӑFVLQKKѫQOjTXDQWkPÿӃn viӋc hӑ chӍ
tiӃSWKX ÿѭӧc mӝt khӕLOѭӧng kiӃn thӭc cӫa mӝW P{QKӑF &iFKWLӃp cұQSKiW
triӇn gҳn vӟi quan niӋm ngѭӡi hӑFOjWUXQJWkPQJѭӡi thҫ\ÿyQJYDLWUzWә chӭc,
Kѭӟng dүn hӑFVLQKWuPNLӃPYjWKXWKұSWK{QJWLQJӧi mӣ giҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ,
tҥRFKRQJѭӡi hӑFFyÿLӅu kiӋn thӵFKjQKWLӃS[~FYӟi thӵc tiӉn, hӑFFiFKSKiW
hiӋQYjJLҧi quyӃt vҩQÿӅ mӝWFiFKOLQKKRҥt ViQJWҥRĈӅ WjLYұn dөng tiӃp cұn

4


Qj\Yӟi thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫL
ÿyQJYDLWKHRTXDQÿLӇPSKiWKX\QăQJOӵc cӫa hӑc sinh.
6.1.7 Ti͇p c̵QOLrQQJjQK
/j FiFK OLrQ NӃt, thiӃt lұp nhӳng mӕi quan hӋ qua lҥi, qu\ ÿӏQK Yj ҧnh
Kѭӣng lүn nhau giӳa nhӳng hӋ SKѭѫQJ SKiS Yj TX\ WUuQK Fӫa nhiӅX FKX\rQ
QJjQKNKiFQKDX
6.23KѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭu
6.2.1&iFSKѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭXOêWKX\Ӄt
Sӱ dөQJ FiF SKѭѫQJ SKiS 3KkQ WtFK Wәng hӧS Oê WKX\ӃW SKkQ ORҥi hӋ
thӕQJKyDYjNKiLTXiWKyDOêWKX\Ӄt, tӯ ÿyU~WUDFiFNӃt luұn khoa hӑFOjPFѫ
sӣ ÿӇ khҧo ViWSKkQWtFKYjÿiQKJLiWKӵc trҥng, thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ
bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL
6.2.2. &iFSKѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭu thӵc tiӉn
6.2.2.1. 3K˱˯QJSKiSÿL͉XWUDJLiRGͭc
'QJSKLӃXÿLӅu tra khҧRViWêNLӃn cӫa hӑFVLQKJLiRYLrQSKө huynh hӑc
sinh nhҵm biӃWÿѭӧc mӭFÿӝ hiӇu biӃWêQJKƭDWҫm quan trӑng cӫa viӋc thiӃt kӃ
chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYai.
6.2.2.2 3K˱˯QJSKiSÿL͉XWUDJLiRGͭc
'QJSKLӃXÿLӅu tra khҧRViWêNLӃn cӫa hӑFVLQKJLiRYLrQSKө huynh hӑc
sinh nhҵm biӃWÿѭӧc mӭFÿӝ hiӇu biӃWêQJKƭDWҫm quan trӑng cӫa viӋc thiӃt kӃ
chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUz FKѫLÿyQJYDL
6.2.2.3 3K˱˯QJSKiSWUDRÿ͝LWUzFKX\͏n
Sӱ dөQJSKѭѫQJ SKiSQj\QKҵm hӛ trӧ FKRSKѭѫQJSKiSÿLӅu tra. Qua trao
ÿәLWUzFKX\Ӌn vӟi hӑFVLQKJLiRYLrQSKө huynh hӑFVLQKÿӇ WuPKLӇXWKrPYӅ
nhӳng vҩQÿӅ OLrQTXDQWӟLÿLӅXWUD7kPWѭWuQK cҧPTXDQÿLӇPKRjQFҧQKÿLӅu
kiӋn kinh tӃ JLDÿuQKKӑc sinh, tӯ ÿyFKtQK[iFKyDQKӳng vҩQÿӅ ÿmÿLӅu tra.
6.2.2.43K˱˯QJSKiSO̭\êNL͇QFKX\rQJLD

Gһp gӥ trӵc tiӃSFiFFiQEӝ quҧQOêJLiRGөFÿӝLQJNJJLiRYLrQQKӳng
FKX\rQJLDFyNLQKQJKLӋm trong thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 56 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLQKҵPÿLӅXWUDWUDRÿәL[LQêNLӃn vӅ nhӳng
vҩQÿӅ FyOLrQTXDQWӟLÿӅ WjL

5


Ĉk\OjSKѭѫQJSKiSVӱ dөQJWUtWXӋ cӫa mӝWÿӝLQJNJFKX\rQJLDFyWUuQK
ÿӝ cao vӅ thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUz
FKѫLÿyQJYDLêNLӃn cӫDFiFFKX\rQJLDVӁ bә sung, kiӇm tra lүn nhau cho ta
mӝWêNLӃQÿDVӕNKiFKTXDQYӅ mӝt vҩQÿӅ khoa hӑc.
6.2.2.5. 3K˱˯QJSKiSTXDQViW
3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\EDRJӗPTXDQViWFyFKӫ ÿӏQKYjTXDQViWNK{QJFKӫ
ÿӏnh nhҵm thu thұp nhӳQJWK{QJWLQYӅ nhӳng biӇu hiӋQWKiLÿӝKjQKYLQKӳng
NKyNKăQFӫa hӑc WURQJTXiWUuQKUqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJ
TXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ
6.2.2.6. 3K˱˯QJSKiSWK͹c nghi͏PV˱Sh̩m
Thӵc nghiӋP Oj SKѭѫQJ SKiS ÿһc biӋW FKR SKpS WiFÿӝQJ OrQÿӕL Wѭӧng
QJKLrQFӭu mӝWFiFKFKӫ ÿӝng, can thiӋSFyêWKӭFYjRTXiWUuQKGLӉn biӃn tӵ
QKLrQÿӇ KѭӟQJTXiWUuQKҩy diӉn ra theo mөFÿtFKPRQJPXӕn.
DӵD YjR JLҧ thuyӃt khoa hӑF ÿm ÿһt ra tiӃn KjQK WKӵc nghiӋm ӣ WUѭӡng
mҫPQRQÿӇ kiӇm nghiӋPWtQKNKRDKӑc, khҧ thi cӫDFiFKRҥWÿӝQJUqQNӻ QăQJ
tӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLWKHRFKӫ ÿӅ.
TiӃQKjQKWKӵc nghiӋPÿӕi vӟLQKyPWKӵc nghiӋPYjTXDQViWWKұt tӍ mӍ
diӉn biӃQYjNӃt quҧ cӫDKDLQKyPPӝWFiFKWKұt sӵ NKiFKTXDQWKHRWӯng giai
ÿRҥn.
Xӱ Oê WjL OLӋu thӵc nghiӋP Oj JLDL ÿRҥQ SKkQ WtFK FiF NӃt quҧ khҧR ViW
Ĉk\VӁ OjFѫVӣ ÿӇ khҷQJÿӏnh giҧ thuyӃWU~WUDEjLKӑc cҫn thiӃWYjÿӅ xuҩt ӭng
dөQJYjRWKӵc tӃ.
KӃt quҧ thӵc nghiӋPVѭSKҥPOjNӃt quҧ NKiFKTXDQQKҩWWURQJFiFNӃt

quҧ QJKLrQFӭu bҵQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSNKiFQKDX
6.2.2.7 1JKLrQFͱXYjW͝ng k͇t kinh nghi͏PJLiRGͭc.
MөFÿtFKFӫa tәng kӃt kinh nghiӋPJLiRGөFOj
7uPKLӇu bҧn chҩt, nguӗn gӕFQJX\rQQKkQYjFiFKJLҧi quyӃt nhӳng
WuQKKXӕQJJLiRGөFÿm[ҧ\UDWURQJJLDÿuQKWUѭӡng hӑFKD\ÿӏDSKѭѫQJ
+ Tәng kӃt nhӳQJQJX\rQQKkQÿӇ loҥi trӯ sai lҫm, thҩt bҥLWURQJF{QJWiF
JLiRGөc, thiӃt kӃ chӫ ÿӅ UqQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUz
FKѫLÿyQJYDLORҥi trӯ nhӳng khuyӃWÿLӇPFyWKӇ lһp lҥi.
6.2.2.8 3K˱˯QJSKiSQJKLrQFͱXWU˱ͥng hͫp
6


1JKLrQFӭu mӝt sӕ FKkQGXQJKӑFVLQKWUѭӡng mҫm non nhӡ nhӳng biӋn
SKiSWăQJFѭӡQJ[k\Gӵng mӕi quan hӋ giӳDQKjWUѭӡng vӟLJLDÿuQKPjFiFHP
ÿmFyÿѭӧFFiFNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ 5-6 tuәLWK{QJTXDWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDL
theo chӫ ÿӅ.
1KyPSKѭѫQJSKiSQJKLrQFӭXWRiQKӑc
Sӱ dөQJFiFSKѭѫQJSKiSWKӕQJNrWRiQKӑFÿӇ xӱ OêVӕ liӋXOjFѫVӣ ÿӇ
ÿiQKJLiWKӵc trҥQJYjWә chӭc thӵc nghiӋm nhҵm kiӇPWUDWtQKNKҧ thi cӫDFiF
chӫ ÿӅ JLiRGөFPjÿӅ WjLÿѭDUD

7


&+ѬѪ1* &Ѫ6Ӣ/é/8Ұ19ӄ*,È2'Ө&.Ӻ1Ă1*7Ӵ%Ҧ29ӊ
&+275Ҿ0Ү8*,È2-78Ә,7+Ð1*48$75Ñ&+Ѫ,ĈÏ1*9$,
7+(2&+ӪĈӄ
6ѫOѭӧc vӅ lӏch sӱ QJKLrQFӭu vҩQÿӅ
FiFF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFͱu kͿ QăQJW͹ b̫o v͏
Cuӝc sӕng chӭDÿӵng nhiӅu bҩt trҳFYjÿzLKӓLFRQQJѭӡi cҫQFyKLӇu biӃt

FNJQJQKѭNӻ QăQJQKҩWÿӏQKÿӇ ӭQJSKyYӟi nhӳQJWuQKKXӕng bҩWÿӏnh, nguy
hiӇm vӟi bҧQWKkQYjQKӳQJQJѭӡL[XQJTXDQK7KHREiRFiRYӅ SKzQJFKӕng
tai nҥQWKѭѫQJWtFKӣ ViӋW1DPÿѭӧFF{QJEӕ mӟi nhҩt hӗLWKiQJWDLQҥn
WKѭѫQJWtFKWUҿ HPOjPӝt vҩQÿӅ y tӃ F{QJFӝQJQJKLrPWUӑQJWUrQWRjQWKӃ giӟi.
MӛLQăPWUrQWKӃ giӟLFyNKRҧng 830000 trҿ em tӱ vong do tai nҥQWKѭѫQJWtFK
NK{QJFKӫ ÿӏQKWѭѫQJÿѭѫQJYӟi khoҧng 2000 trҿ em tӱ vong mӛi nJj\+LӋn
nay tai nҥQWKѭѫQJWtFKYүQOjPӝWWURQJFiFQJX\rQQKkQKjQJÿҫXJk\Wӱ vong
ӣ trҿ HPGѭӟi 18 tuәi ӣ ViӋW1DP7URQJÿyWӱ YRQJGRÿXӕLQѭӟc chiӃm 50%,
do tai nҥQJLDRWK{QJFKLӃPKѫQFzQOҥLOjGRQJӝ ÿӝFQJmEӓQJÿӝng vұt
cҳQ &iF Vӕ liӋX QJKLrQ Fӭu vӅ vҩQ ÿӅ tai nҥQ WKѭѫQJ WtFK ÿѭD UD Fy QKLӅu
QJX\rQQKkQWURQJÿy1JX\rQQKkQGRWKLӃu kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ ÿmFKӭng minh
sӵ cҫn thiӃt cӫa viӋFJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ NK{QJFKӍ cho trҿ em ӣ lӭa tuәi
mҫPQRQPjFKRFҧ nhӳng trҿ em ӣ nhӳng ÿӝ tuәLNKiF
Trong cuӝc sӕQJ KjQJ QJj\ GR KRjQ FҧQK JLDR ÿLӅu kiӋn chӫ TXDQ Yj
NKiFKTXDQNKiFQKDXPjQJX\Fѫ[ҧy ra sӵ cӕ FyWKӇ bӝc pKiWYjREҩt cӭ O~F
QjRӣ QJD\ErQFҥnh mӛLQJѭӡLJk\UDQJX\KҥL7tQKWLӅm ҭQYjWtQKEӝc pKiW
cӫDFiFVӵ cӕ nguy hiӇm nhҳc nhӣ mӑLQJѭӡi ӣ bҩt cӭ O~FQjROjPEҩt cӭ viӋc
JuÿӅu phҧL[k\GӵQJêWKӭc aQWRjQOjWUrQKӃWSKzQJFKӕQJQJKLrQQJһWĈһc
biӋt, ӣ lӭa tuәi thiӃX QLrQ QKL ÿӗng phҧL WăQJ FѭӡQJ JLiR Gөc vӅ DQ WRjQ Eӗi
GѭӥQJêWKӭc vӅ DQWRjQQҳm chҳc kiӃn thӭc vӅ DQWRjQEӗLGѭӥQJQăQJOӵc tӵ
SKzQJWUiQKWӵ cҩp cӭXÿӇ WUiQKWDLQҥQWKѭѫQJYRQJӣ mӭFÿӝ thҩp nhҩWĈӕi
vӟi trҿ em mҫm non, mӝt sӕ WiFJLҧ FzQFKRUҵng kӻ QăQJSKzQJFKӕng tai nҥn
WKѭѫQJWtFKOjNӻ QăQJVӕQJÿһFWKÿӕi vӟi trҿ em [2.tr9]
7UrQWhӃ giӟi
*LiRGөc kӻ QăQJVӕQJWURQJÿyFyNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ ÿmÿѭӧFTXDQWkP
JLiRGөFWURQJYjQJRjLQKjWUѭӡQJFKRFiFÿӕLWѭӧng thuӝc nhiӅXÿӝ tuәLNKiF
nhau, mӛi lӭa tuәL FiF Nӻ QăQJFҫn thiӃW ÿѭӧF UqQOX\Ӌn gҳn liӅn vӟi nhu cҫu
8



hoҥWÿӝng cӫa hӑ&iFQѭӟFFyQӅQJLiRGөFWLrQWLӃQQKѭ$XVWUDOL1Kұt Bҧn...
ÿm[HPJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ ÿӝ tuәi mҫPQRQOjPӝt trong nhӳng
nhiӋm vө quan trӑQJ4XDQÿLӇm vӅ dҥy con trҿ QyLFKXQJYjNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ
QyLULrQJWӯ thӡi ҩXWKѫFӫDFiFEұc cha mҽ, nKjJLiRGөc cӫDFiFQѭӟFQj\Fy
ÿ{LFK~WNKiFVRYӟLFiFGҥng truyӅn thӕng cӫDQѭӟFWD&yWKӇ kӇ ÿӃn mӝt sӕ
TXDQÿLӇPJLiRGөc sau:
- Coi trӑQJWtQKWӵ lӵFYjWӵ JLiFFӫa trҿ WURQJFiFKRҥWÿӝng. Trҿ em Nhұt
ngay tӯ NKLWKѫEpÿmÿѭӧFUqQOX\ӋQWtQKFKӏu ÿӵQJNKyNKăQYjSKҧi tұp chӫ
ÿӝng trong mӑi biӃn cӕ FyWKӇ xҧy ra.
- 5qQNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ phҧLWXkQWKӫ QJX\rQWҳF³KӑFÿLÿ{LYӟi
KjQKNKLWә chӭFFiFKRҥWÿӝQJJLiRGөFOX{QWҥRFѫKӝi cho trҿ tӵ trҧi nghiӋm.
- ChӍ cҫn hiӇXYjOjPFKӫ ÿѭӧc cuӝc sӕng kiӇPVRiWÿѭӧFFiFPӕi nguy
hiӇPFyWKӇ xҧy ra vӟi bҧQWKkQYuVӟm muӝQJuWURQJFXӝc sӕQJVDXQj\ÿk\
FNJQJVӁ OjYҩQÿӅ FiFEpSKҧLÿӕi diӋQOjPFKӫ ÿѭӧFFjQJVӟPWKuFjQJWӕt [B].
9uWKӃÿҧm bҧRDQWRjQFKRWUҿ NK{QJSKҧLOjQJѭӡi lӟn loҥi bӓ nhӳQJJuFyWKӇ
Jk\PҩWDQWRjQFKRWUҿPjOjGҥy cho trҿ FiFKWKӭc, tӯ ÿyWҥRUDP{LWUѭӡng an
WRjQ FKR EҧQ WKkQ > WU@ 7Uҿ em NhұW ÿѭӧc hӑF FiFK Vӱ dөng nhӳng vұt
³QJX\ KLӇP³ QKѭ GDR NpR Wӯ rҩt sӟP ĈӇ ÿҧm bҧR DQ WRjQ Yj WUҿ sӱ dөng
ÿ~QJSKѭѫQJ SKiSEӕ mҽ YjWKҫ\F{OX{Qӣ ErQFҥQKÿӇ hӛ trӧ YjKѭӟng dүn.
1KѭQJFKӍ Kѭӟng dүQOjPPүXYjWU{QJFKӯng chӭ NK{QJOjPJL~SWUҿ&{JLiR
YjEӕ mҽ OX{QFӕ gҳng tҥRÿLӅu kiӋn tӕLÿDFKRFiFEpSKiWKX\WtQKWӵ lұSYj
hӑFFiFKWӵ OjPFKӫ cuӝc sӕng cӫDPuQK
&iF WiF JLҧ QKѭ 'LDQH 7LOOPDQ 'LDQD +VX .DN-Hai- 1ѫ GLFK 3DXO
+XQSKUH\$OH[5DPVD\ÿmÿѭDUDFiFNӻ QăQJFҫn thiӃWÿӇ FRQQJѭӡi tӵ bҧo
vӋ PuQK WUѭӟc nhӳQJ QJX\ Fѫ Pj FXӝc sӕQJ ÿHP Oҥi cho hӑ Jk\ KҥL ÿӃQ ÿӡi
sӕng vұt chҩWYjWLQKWKҫn cӫDFKtQKKӑ. VҩQÿӅ ÿѭӧFFiFWiFJLҧ ÿӅ cұp rҩt cҫn
thiӃt, cө thӇ YjJL~SQJѭӡLÿӑc dӉ GjQJYұn dөng trong cuӝc sӕng cӫa hӑ.
* Ӣ ViӋt Nam
Trong lӏch sӱ *LiR Gөc ViӋt Nam, nӝL GXQJ JLiR GөF FRQ QJѭӡi nhӳng
kinh nghiӋPYѭӧt qua nhӳQJWKiFKWKӭc cӫDWKLrQWDLFiFK[ӱ lêFiFYҩQÿӅ Jk\

nguy hiӇPFKRFRQQJѭӡLWURQJTXiWUuQKODRÿӝng sҧn xuҩWFiFKQKұn biӃWFk\
con vұt nguy hiӇPFiFKNKҳc chӃ FK~QJ
WURQJÿӡi sӕQJWKѭӡQJQJj\Gҥy
FRQQJѭӡi biӃWFiFKYѭӧWTXDNKyNKăQÿӇ ÿҧm bҧRDQWRjQFKREҧQWKkQÿѭӧc
9


phҧQ iQK NKi SKRQJ SK~ TXD FD GDR Wөc ngӳ qua nhӳng kinh nghiӋm truyӅn
miӋng tӯ thӃ hӋ Qj\VDQJWKӃ hӋ NKiF
&zQWURQJKӋ thӕQJJLiRGөFWKuQKӳng nӝLGXQJWUrQFNJQJÿmÿѭӧFÿѭD
YjRFKѭѫQJWUuQKJLiRGөFQKѭPӝt mөFWLrXTXDQWUӑng nhҵPJL~SFRQQJѭӡi
SKiWWriӇQWRjQGLӋn. Mӝt sӕ P{QKӑc cung cҩSFKRQJѭӡi hӑc nhӳng kiӃn thӭc,
WKiLÿӝ YjNӻ QăQJFҫn thiӃWÿӇ chuҭn bӏ FKRQJѭӡi hӑFFyNKҧ QăQJJLDQKұp
cuӝc sӕQJ[mKӝLYѭӧt qua nhӳQJWKiFKWKӭFQJX\FѫYjUӫLURWURQJ[mKӝi. Tuy
QKLrQQKӳng nӝLGXQJQj\FKӍ ÿѭӧFÿӅ cұp trong mӝt sӕ P{QKӑc ӣ mӝt sӕ FiF
cҩp bұc (TiӇu hӑc Trung hӑFFѫVӣ Trung hӑc phә WK{QJ
9jTXDQQLӋm vӅ viӋc
dҥy nhӳng kiӃn thӭc kӻ QăQJ JL~S FRQ QJѭӡL SKzQJ WUiQK WDL Qҥn nguy hiӇm,
ÿҧm bҧR DQ WRjQ FKR EҧQ WKkQ Oj QKLӋm vө cӫD JLD ÿuQK WKӵc hiӋQ JLiR Gөc
QJRjLQKjWUѭӡQJOjFKӫ ÿҥRFzQWӗn tҥLNKiVkXVҳFWURQJ[mKӝi. Tӯ nhӳQJQăP
90 (1969 ) cӫa thӃ kӹ 20, khi thuұt ngӳ ³Nӻ QăQJVӕng³ÿѭӧFQJѭӡi ViӋt Nam
biӃWÿӃn tӯ FKѭѫQJWUuQK81L&()Ĉһc biӋt tӯ khi ViӋt Nam tham gia dӵ iQFӫa
UNESCO ӣ 5 QѭӟFĈ{QJ1DPÈQKҵPFiFYҩQÿӅ NKiFQKDXOLrQTXDQÿӃn kӻ
QăQJ VӕQJ WKu YLӋF JLiR Gөc kӻ QăQJ Vӕng cho mӑL QJѭӡL ÿm ÿѭӧF QKuQ QKұn,
ÿiQKJLiÿ~QJYӏ WUtYDLWUzFӫDQy*LiRGөc kӻ QăQJVӕQJQyLFKXQJYjJLiRGөc
kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ QyLULrQJFKRFRQQJѭӡi WURQJ[mKӝi hiӋQÿҥi vӟi nhiӅu rӫi ro,
WKiFKWKӭFÿmÿѭӧFÿѭDYjRKӋ thӕQJJLiRGөc quӕFGkQJLiRGөFFKtQKTX\Yj
NK{QJ FKtQK TX\
 WURQJ [X WKӃ ÿәi mӟL WRjQ GLӋn nhҵP QkQJ FDR FKҩW Oѭӧng
JLiRGөc.

4XDQJKLrQFӭu tәng hӧp vҩQÿӅ OLrQTXDQÿӃQJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJVӕQJQyL
FKXQJYjJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ mҫPQRQQyLULrQJFK~QJW{LFKR
rҵng vҩQÿӅ JLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ ÿѭӧFÿӅ cұp gӗPKDLKѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭu:
+ѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭu kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ QKѭOjPӝt nӝi dung trong
JLiRGөc kӻ QăQJVӕng.
Mӝt sӕ QJKLrQFӭu vӅ FiFELӋQSKiSJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJVӕng cho trҿ mҫm
QRQWURQJÿyFyÿӅ cұSÿӃn kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ mҫPQRQ&iFQJKLrQFӭu
Qj\NK{QJWUӵc tiӃSÿӅ cұSÿӃn vҩQÿӅ JLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ QKѭÿӕLWѭӧng
QJKLrQFӭu cӫDPuQK6RQJ nhӳng kӃt quҧ QJKLrQFӭu cӫDFiFF{QJWUuQKQj\Fy
JLiWUӏ quan trӑng trong viӋc thiӃt lұSTXDQ ÿLӇP SKѭѫQJ SKiS OXұQ FNJQJQKѭ
nhӳQJÿӏQKKѭӟQJYjWLӃp cұQWURQJQJKLrQFӭu kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋJLiRGөc kӻ
QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ lӭa tuәi mҫPQRQĈyOjQJKLrQFӭu cӫDFiFWiFJLҧ /r
Thӏ 7KDQK7K~\>@1JX\Ӊn Thӏ 1JkQ>@1JX\Ӊn Thӏ ThҳP>@&iFWiFJLҧ
10


QJKLrQFӭXÿiQKJLiWKӵc trҥng kӻ QăQJVӕng cӫa trҿ ӣ ÿӝ tuәi mҫPQRQÿѭDUD
mӝt sӕ biӋQSKiSJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJVӕng cho trҿ WK{QJTXDFiFKRҥWÿӝQJJLiR
dөc ӣ WUѭӡng mҫPQRQQKѭWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLFyFKӫ ÿӅ, hoҥWÿӝQJYXLFKѫL
&KѭD FyF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQ Fӭu vӅ kӻ QăQJ Wӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ mҫm non,
FNJQJQKѭFKѭDFyF{QJWUuQKQJKLrQFӭu sӱ dөQJWUzFKѫLÿyQJYDLFyFKӫ ÿӅ ÿӇ
JLiRGөc kӻ QăQJVӕng cho trҿ mҫm non.
+ѭӟQJJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ ÿѭӧFÿӅ cұSÿӃQQKѭPӝt vҩn
ÿӅ cҩp thiӃWWURQJ[mKӝi hiӋn nay.
7KHRKѭӟQJQj\QӝLGXQJJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ ÿѭӧc thӇ hiӋn trong
FiFQJKLrQFӭXWjLOLӋu tham khҧRYjÿѭӧc vұn dөng trong thӵc tiӉn vӟi nhiӅu
FKѭѫQJWUuQKGӵ iQFiFNKyDKӑc,... vӟi nhiӅXKuQKWKӭFÿDGҥQJSKRQJSK~
NӝLGXQJJLiRGөc kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cho trҿ ÿѭӧFÿӅ cұSÿӃn nhiӅu trong
FiF ҩn phҭP ViFK EiRWҥS FKt >@>@>@>@>@GR FiF WiFJLҧ ViӋt Nam
tәng hӧp tӯ FiF WjLOLӋu QѭӟFQJRjLSKKӧp vӟi ViӋt Nam hay nhӳQJ WjL OLӋu

dӏch tӯ nhӳQJWjLOLӋXQѭӟFQJRjL&iFEjLYLӃWWUrQPҥQJLQWHUQHW>%@ÿӅ cұp
NKiWRjQGLӋn vӅ FiFNӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ cҫn thiӃWFKRFRQQJѭӡLQyLFKXQJYjWUҿ
ÿӝ tuәi mҫP QRQ QyL ULrQJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ ӭng phy WUѭӟF FiF WuQK KXӕng nguy
hiӇP NK{QJ DQ WRjQ WUѭӟFÿzLKӓL \rX Fҫu cӫa cuӝc sӕQJ ' ÿӅ cұp ӣ SKtD
cҥQKQjRWURQJFiFWjLOLӋXFNJQJSKҧQiQKPӝt sӕ KѭӟQJFKtQKVDX
=> VӅ nӝLGXQJJLiRGөc Kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ
- Nӝi dung kӻ QăQJWӵ bҧo vӋ ÿѭӧFFiFWiFJiҧ ÿѭDUDPӝWFiFKWRjQGLӋn,
JL~S FRQ QJѭӡL Fy Nӻ QăQJ Eҧo vӋ bҧQ WKkQ Fҧ vӅ mһt thӇ chҩt lүn tinh thҫn,
WURQJÿyÿӕi vӟi trҿ em lӭa tuәi mҫPQRQWKuÿҧm bҧRDQWRjQYӅ mһt thӇ chҩt
ÿѭӧFÿӅ cұp nhiӅXKѫQFKҷng hҥQQKѭ
+ biӃWFiFKSKzQJWUiQKPӝt sӕ bӋnh WK{QJWKѭӡng: biӃt mӝt sӕ dҩu hiӋu
khi ӕm:hҳWKѫLVә PNJLÿDXEөng, ho,...; biӃWFiFKSKzQJFiFEӋQKWK{QJWKѭӡng
(biӃWÿӝLPNJPһFiRNKLÿL7Uӡi nҳng,ctrӡLPѭDNK{QJFKѫLQJRjLQҳQJQJRjL
PѭDӕm phҧi uӕng thuӕc khi bӏ ӕm,...
+ NhұQUDYjNK{QJFKѫLPӝt sӕ ÿӗ vұWFyWKӇ Jk\QJX\KLӇm.
+ BiӃWYjNK{QJOjPPӝt sӕ viӋFFyWKӇ Jk\QJX\KLӇm.
+ Nhұn biӃWÿѭӧc mӝt sӕ TX\FѫJk\WDLQҥQYjNK{QJFKѫLӣ nhӳQJQѫL
mҩt vӋ sinh,nguy hiӇm ( ao, hӗV{QJQJzLNKLFyÿiPFKi\NKLJһSQJѭӡi lҥ,
WURQJEyQJWӕi,..,) YjFiFKSKzQJWUiQK
11


+ BiӃWNrXFӭXYjFKҥy ra khӓLQѫLQJX\KLӇm, biӃWWuPQJѭӡLJL~Sÿӥ khi
gһp nguy hiӇm.
- +ѭӟng dүQFiFK[ӱ OêNKLJһSWuQKKXӕQJNKyNKăQFiFJLҧLSKiSNKҳc
phөFYjYѭӧt qua nhӳQJNKyNKăQQӃXÿmEӏ tәQWKѭѫQJGtWKD\QKLӅu ) do
nhӳQJWiFÿӝQJErQQJRjLJk\UD
- NӝLGXQJKѭӟng dүQFiFKWӵ bҧo vӋ ÿѭӧFFiFJLӟi thiӋu theo nhiӅXJyF
ÿӝ NKiFQKDX
 3KkQ FKLD WKHR WӯQJ QKyP YҩQ ÿӅ FQJ Qӝi dung [19],[39],[41],...kӻ

QăQJ7UiQK[DQKӳQJFiPGӛ nguy hiӇPQKѭLQWHUQHWPDW~\WuQKGөc; kӻ QăQJ
tӵ bҧo vӋ bҧQWKkQSKzQJWUiQKFӭu nҥQNKLFyWKLrQWDLÿӝQJÿҩWONJOөWQ~L
lӱDPѭDEmRWX\Ӄt lӣWUiQKQJӝ ÿӝc thӭFăQGӏch bӋnh,...
3KkQFKLDQӝLGXQJWKHR.K{QJJLDQ6ӕQJ>@>@DQWRjQWURQJQJ{LQKjFӫa
bҥQDQWRjQNKLVӱ dөng FiFÿӗ GQJYұt dөQJJLDÿuQKSKzQJWUiQKKӓQJĈLӋn
giұWDQWRjQWUrQÿѭӡng phӕ YjQѫLWKLrQQKLrQDQWRjQNKLWKDPJLDJLDR
WK{QJDQWRjQNKLWLӃS[~FYӟLP{LWUѭӡng tӵ QKLrQ